Dr Cummins teaches Anatomy, Human Biology and Reproductive Biotechnology at Murdoch University in Western Australia. He has extensive experience in reproductive biology and assisted conception techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). He sits on the editorial board of several top journals, including Human Reproduction and Reproductive Biotechnology Online, and chairs the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Reproductive Technology Council of Western Australia (the government body overseeing IVF clinics). He has been involved in professional editing for 10 years and has worked on about 2500 papers. He has many colleagues and friends in Asia and was a Visiting Professor at Osaka University's Genome Information Research Center in Japan in 2005. Assoc Prof Cummins began editing for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Creasey is a senior post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Dr Paul Hunt, University of Edinburgh (genetics of artemisinin drug resistance in a rodent malaria model). Her special interests have been in the field of tropical medicine and tropical parasitic diseases, with training in the epidemiological aspects of disease. Her field experience in serology and microbiology involved a number of anti-parasitic drug trials in Africa. Later in Edinburgh, genetics and molecular biology were focused on. Dr Creasey has the ability to communicate science in clear, unambiguous language. During her career she has edited journal articles and PhD theses for scientists from China, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, and most African countries. Dr Creasey joined Edanz Editing as an editor in 2007.

From 1993 to 2006, Dr Helliwell held positions in several research organizations as a Research Fellow in the areas of Anatomy with Radiology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Molecular Endocrinology. Dr Helliwell is a highly regarded and well published (12 first authored reports and numerous abstracts) scientist in her field; as well she is an invited peer reviewer for many international journals. She has strong analytical skills that she brings to the editing of manuscripts for submission to peer-reviewed journals. She joined Edanz Editing in late 2006. Her fields of editing can best be described by the following areas of competence: basic molecular and cell biology techniques, in situ hybridization, cell and tissue culture, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and zymography, receptor autoradiography and receptor binding assays, mammalian neuroanatomy and neuroendocrinology.

Dr Devon is a biologist with a special interest in neuroscience and genetics. She is a graduate of the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, and obtained her PhD in 1996 from the University of Edinburgh, UK, in the genetics of psychiatric illness. She undertook post-doctoral research on a rare, inherited form of Motor Neurone Disease (Lou Gehrig's Disease) in Vancouver, Canada, and then started her own research group back in Edinburgh, UK, investigating the genetics, cell biology and biochemistry of motor neurone disease. She is a co-founder of the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research at the University of Edinburgh. Dr Devon has written over 50 research papers, book chapters, reviews and successful grant applications, and has peer-reviewed manuscripts for molecular biology journals. Dr Devon began working with Edanz Editing in 2008.

Dr Fox completed a PhD in microbiology at the University of Oxford, investigating novel phase variable LPS biosynthetic genes in Haemophilus influenzae. She then spent five years as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Queensland, Australia, focusing on the role of DNA methyltransferases in gene regulation in bacterial pathogens. Other projects included the design and development of live, attenuated vaccines for veterinary pathogens. She has many first-author publications in high-ranking journals in the area of microbial pathogenesis. Dr Fox is now a full-time editor, with extensive editing experience in a broad range of biological disciplines including molecular biology, microbiology, biotechnology, genomics, epidemiology, biochemistry and medicine. Dr Fox began editing with the Edanz Group in 2009.

For three years, Dr Furness was a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, where she used extensive molecular genetic techniques to examine the factors influencing the growth of hematopoietic stem cells, with relevance to the development of cancers such as leukemia. Later Dr Furness was a researcher at Glasgow University where she analyzed the energetic requirements of seabirds, using field observations, analysis of radioisotopes from blood samples and metabolic monitoring of birds in respirometers. Dr Furness is a scientific editor with extensive experience of abstracting, indexing and editing scientific papers on a wide range of topics including general medicine, pharmacology and genetics, with personal experience of active scientific research and the publishing of research papers. From 1993 to 2007, Dr Furness was a Specialist Medical Indexer at Thomson Scientific. She began working with Edanz Editing in 2007.

Dr Rider is a research scientist resident in Cambridge, United Kingdom, where he is involved in developing biological therapeutics for respiratory and inflammatory diseases for a multinational pharmaceutical company. For his PhD, he investigated the role of the inflammatory microenvironment on T cell function in rheumatoid arthritis. Dr Rider was a post-doctoral fellow in the UK and Singapore, studying a diverse range of cell biology and immunology topics, including mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. He has published 10 papers in international peer-reviewed journals, and presented his research at several international conferences. Dr Rider began editing for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Prof McKune is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. His PhD thesis examined immune and inflammatory responses to strenuous exercise. He is a South African National Research Foundation rated researcher and is a past co-leader of National Research Foundation Niche Area examining the effect of exercise on immune and inflammatory responses in healthy adults. Prof McKune’s research is currently supported by National Research Foundation and Medical Research Council competitive research grants. His research interests include the immune/inflammatory response to exercise with applications to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases of lifestyle, and the promotion of optimal adaptation to strength and conditioning training. He has published 28 articles on topics including heart rate variability, hypertension, obesity, exercise-induced muscle damage, immune and inflammatory responses to exercise, and the impact of exercise on motor and cognitive function. Prof McKune began working with the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Eager currently practices internal medicine as a hospitalist in Dallas, Texas, USA. Over the past decade he has amassed considerable experience in clinical and pre-clinical research, principally in the field of oncology. He was a member of the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center Institutional Review Board for six years, during which time he reviewed numerous Phase I through Phase III clinical protocols. In addition to his clinical expertise, Dr Eager has experience with in-vitro pre-clinical protocols and techniques as well as cell culture, histological methods, and animal model studies, and is skilled in a wide range of microbiology techniques. Dr Eager has authored and co-authored eight publications, and has authored four clinical or pre-clinical protocols. On a part-time basis, Dr Eager has edited scientific manuscripts professionally for the past year and began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Lodge is a cell biologist with wide-ranging experience in academic research, early stage drug discovery, and stem cell therapy regulatory affairs. For his PhD and postdoctoral work, Dr Lodge studied the roles of the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules in axon guidance during nervous system development. Dr Lodge joined GlaxoSmithKline in 2001, where he held research and programme leadership roles within target validation initiatives for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. He was also involved in developing drug discovery strategies involving stem cells. From 2009 to 2011, Dr Lodge was Programme Manager for a stem cell therapy unit at University College London, where he was responsible for the unit obtaining the necessary licenses required by the recently introduced Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) directive. His technical expertise covers a broad spectrum of cell biology, molecular biology and protein biochemistry techniques, including their application to drug discovery assay development. Dr Lodge has published several first author publications in international peer-reviewed journals, and he is experienced in writing a variety of pre-clinical and clinical regulatory documents. Dr Lodge currently offers consulting services in cell-based drug discovery, ATMP regulatory affairs, and scientific writing (including web development). He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Bradshaw is a clinical specialist with a strong background in biomedical science and healthcare related research. He is a member of the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA), and has published over 17 scientific papers. In 2007/8, Dr Bradshaw sat on the board as an elected member of both the Royal College of Physicians guideline development and steering groups, leading to the publication of National Health Service guidelines. He also first-authored the UK national guidelines on “Occupational Visual Standards” for the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. He is a peer reviewer for several top journals including: the American Journal of Ophthalmology, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine and the British Journal of General Practice. Dr Bradshaw is a specialist editor across a wide variety of medical and bioscience topics. He joined the Edanz Groups as an editor and writer in 2010.

Warren Raye graduated from Murdoch University in 2005 with a PhD in Veterinary Virology. His doctoral thesis was entitled "An investigation into the status of porcine circovirus in Australia". Dr Raye is an experienced researcher and lecturer, at undergraduate and post-graduate levels. He was formerly employed by Monash University as a Research Fellow and Lecturer in the fast-changing field of stem cell biology. Dr Raye has also conducted independent research in the areas of molecular virology, inflammation biology and molecular biology. His former work at Monash University involved creating embryonic stem cell lines with various reporter systems for use in small molecule drug screening assays. Other skills and techniques he possesses include mammalian and insect cell culture; growth and differentiation of embryonic stem cell cultures; purification of viruses; PCR; cloning; DNA sequencing and analysis; DNA/RNA manipulation and isolation; expression and purification of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems; electrophoresis; development and optimization of ELISAs; design and construction of recombinant viruses for eukaryotic protein expression; in situ hybridization; monoclonal antibody production; and live cell calcium imaging. Dr Raye began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in early 2009, before moving to Fukuoka and taking up the position of Senior Life Sciences Editor in November 2010. As well as editing, Dr Raye also gives training and education seminars for non-native speaking authors to improve their manuscript writing.

Dr Cant has been a Research Fellow (Pharmacology) at the University of Edinburgh and a Research Assistant at the University of London and the University of Oxford, as well as a Lecturer in Physiology at the University of Aberdeen where she also established an electrophysiology laboratory for investigation of drug effects on electrical activity in isolated mammalian cardiac ventricular cells. Dr Cant also has extensive writing and editing experience, having edited papers in biological and physical sciences for the European Community CORDIS Results and Publications databases, as well as for the BEST (British Expertise in Science and Technology) database and its sister database in the US. Dr Cant was a medical editor/database indexer for Thomson Scientific for a number of years and has a wide knowledge of various areas including cardiovascular disease, gastroenterology, neuroscience, epidemiology, pharmacology and physiology.

Dr Kerr originally studied microbiology at Glasgow University and went on to complete a PhD on herpes viruses at Aberdeen University. He then specialized in electron microscopy and continued for a few years in post-doctoral research on ultrasound treatment of cancer. This was followed by a diploma in information studies, and he has worked in medical and drug information since 1991. Dr Kerr has worked previously as an indexer for EMBase and other pharmaceutical databases, a news writer for several journals including Lancet Infections Diseases and Lancet Oncology, and as a copyeditor for Springer and the Society for General Microbiology. In addition to editing, he works on product literature databases for a number of leading pharmaceutical companies. Dr Kerr joined the Edanz Group in 2005 and edits in the medical and life sciences, with a particular interest in microbiology and infectious diseases. He is a member of the Society for General Microbiology.

Dr Patel is a neuroscientist interested in central nervous system degeneration and mental illness. For his doctoral thesis he developed a mouse gene-knockout model for the human neurological disorder aceruloplasminemia. Subsequently, as a research fellow at the Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School he studied the molecular signaling cascades involved in nerve cell migration. Dr Patel has recently focused his research on the molecular genetics of psychiatric illness as an associate at the Douglas Mental Health Institute in Montreal. His studies center on microRNA signaling networks involved in major depression and suicide. Dr Patel has published a number of first-author articles in high-impact journals, including The Journal of Biological Chemistry and The Journal of Neuroscience. He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Ms Brunker has been editing biomedical documents for over two decades, including submissions to peer-reviewed journals; dissertations and other academic papers; applications to US regulatory agencies (the Food and Drug Administration and the Patent and Trademark Office); pharmaceutical advertisements of all types; Web site content; slide presentations, scripts and other support pieces for conferences and similar events; and a wide variety of medical education materials. Her master’s thesis was on apoptosis in HIV+ CD4+ cells. She has also done laboratory work in breast cancer and environmental medicine.

Dr Desport is a molecular virologist with interests in animal health. Her thesis for her PhD in Veterinary Virology from the Royal Veterinary College was entitled “Genomic Variation and Cell Tropism of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus”. Dr Desport post-doctoral position at Murdoch University focused on the development and testing of a recombinant protein vaccine to control Jembrana disease in Bali cattle. Skills and techniques include cell culture and purification of viruses; Real-Time RT/PCR; cloning; DNA sequencing and analysis; DNA/RNA manipulation and isolation; expression and purification of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic systems; development and optimization of ELISAs; in situ hybridization; immunostaining; histopathology and peptide mapping. Dr Desport has published eight first-author journal articles and has presented at several national and international conferences. She is an invited reviewer for a number of international journals and has recently edited a book entitled “Lentiviruses and Macrophages: Molecular and Cellular Interactions”. Dr Desport joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr J. Ludovic Croxford is a multi-disciplinary immunologist with research experience in a wide range of fields, especially neuroimmunology, autoimmunity and oncology. His PhD research demonstrated the potential use of cytokine gene therapy for the treatment of animal models of autoimmune disease, and his post-doctoral research focused on the mechanisms of viral molecular mimicry to induce autoimmunity. Dr Croxford next studied the role of a novel NKT cell in a multiple sclerosis model at the National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Following this he studied the mechanisms of immune-mediated tumor suppression for leukemia. Dr Croxford has published over 40 peer-reviewed papers, reviews and book chapters in journals including Nature, Nature Immunology and Nature Medicine. Dr Croxford joined the Edanz Group as an editor in December 2011.

Dr Reynolds initially practiced in Medical Oncology and then Psychotherapy. After retiring from clinical practice in 2003 she began a new career in medical editing. Most of her work has been for Japanese and Chinese authors. A successful author, Dr Reynolds has published 13 articles in peer-reviewed journals, and two books. Dr Reynolds joined the Edanz Group as an editor and writer in 2011 and, though with a clinical focus, works in a broad range of medical fields.

Dr Cheesman has a special interest in tropical disease research and has worked primarily in the fields of molecular biology and genetics. For her PhD she investigated DNA topoisomerase II of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum as an anti-malarial drug target. The research involved studying the expression profile and activity of the enzyme throughout the life cycle of the parasite to determine whether anti-topoisomerase drugs could inhibit it. More recently, Dr Cheesman has been applying genetics and genomics approaches to identify parasite genes of biomedical importance, including genes that induce protective immunity in the host. Her research identified a major parasite gene involved in strain-specific immunity against malaria, an important breakthrough in vaccine research. Dr Cheesman is very interested in the evolution of host-pathogen interactions. She has published 25 original research papers, many as first author and has been an invited speaker at many congresses. Dr Cheesman has also taken research sabbaticals at the University of Osaka (2007) and University of Nagasaki, Japan (2009). She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Dr Rogers presently is a lecturer in scientific communication and writing at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. He has previously held research positions as a laboratory head within the biotechnology industry, specializing in proteomics research, and within the food industry, conducting research in primary materials. He completed post-doctoral research within the University of Paris, as a Royal Society Fellow, and at the University of Sussex. He has published widely and is joint author to seven biotechnology patents. Dr Rogers began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Lutze's graduate work was in vision science. Her studies involved the assessment of changes in color vision with disease and the genetic basis of color vision. She worked alongside ophthalmologists during post-doctoral training and has experience with ophthalmological clinical activities and research. She later worked with an ophthalmologist studying diabetic retinopathy and other retinal diseases. Dr Lutze works as a language editor for a gastroenterology journal based in Beijing, China, and began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Burkala is currently employed at the University of Oklahoma in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Dr Burkala has many years of experience in molecular virology and biology, and has recently specialized in HIV immunology and evolution. He has peer-reviewed publications in a broad range of scientific areas including cancer biology and immunology in addition to reviewing many publications and grant applications. Dr Burkala’s technical skills include: cutting-edge molecular biological techniques such as heteroduplex tracking assays and mass spectrometry; common techniques like cloning, PCR, real-time PCR and recombinant protein purification; immunological techniques such as flow cytometry, ELISA, Western immunoblot and ELISPOT; cell culture techniques including primary and cell line culture, virus culture and purification, transwell migration assays and confocal microscopy; and live animal experiments including the use of mice, sheep, cattle, and rabbits for immunizations and immunological analyses.

Dr McAlpine's PhD research focused on the effects of inflammation, specifically Tumor Necrosis Factor, on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This research focused mainly on Alzheimer's disease, with some work on Parkinson's disease. She made extensive use of rodent models of these diseases, and administered both drugs and gene therapy vectors to the brains of affected animals. She has published both primary research articles and reviews on this topic. After her PhD, Dr McAlpine completed a postdoctoral fellowship studying autophagy in the UK. Dr McAlpine joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Morris’s scientific background is oncology with an emphasis on radiobiology, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. During the period that he worked as a scientist and principal investigator at the University of Oxford, the focus of Dr Morris’s research was on the development of new drugs and novel forms of radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer. More recently, Dr Morris has worked as a medical writer and scientist in the biotechnology industry. Therapeutic areas that he has been involved with include oncology, infectious diseases, age-related macular degeneration and obesity. Dr Morris has visiting scientist status at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in the US. Dr Morris has written over 50 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. Dr Morris began working with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Finnie is a stem cell biologist whose PhD research led to the identification and isolation of rare stem cell populations within umbilical cord blood, with the potential for bone and cartilage tissue engineering applications. Dr Finnie was then a senior Postdoctoral Research Scientist at Smith & Nephew's research center in the UK, where she worked at the forefront of both research and development stages to commercialize adult stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine, namely bone replacement and Osteoarthritis. Dr Finnie has published her research in international peer-reviewed journals. She is currently a science writer and editor across diverse biological areas and is a member of the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA). Dr Finnie joined Edanz as an editor in November 2011.

Dr Roth has published articles on T cell biology, the molecular mechanisms of gene rearrangement, hematopoeisis, developmental biology, neurobiology, and nuclear receptor biology. He has extensive experience with transgeneic animal models, developing genomic and proteomic based technologies, and applying gene and protein expression profiling methods to diseases and therapeutic areas, including diabetes, obesity, blood disorders, and oncology. He is a co-author on 13 publications in high impact journals, and the co-inventor on five issued patents. He has consulted with leading biopharmaceutical, medical device, and life science companies on new platform technologies and product development. As an adjunct professor at Quinnipiac University, he taught an undergraduate online biology course for several years. He received an American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship while at Northwestern University, and studied developmental neurobiology at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Dr Roth began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in 2010.

Dr Bijur's work is on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and investigations into brain metabolic functions. Dr Bijur has extensive experience in the areas of psychiatry, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, and in oncogenesis and carcinogenesis. He has thorough understandings of cell culture techniques, molecular biology techniques, and rodent animal models. His personal research has been funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression. Dr Bijur has authored over 32 peer-reviewed publications, and has presented at numerous scientific conferences including the Society for Neuroscience and the American Association for Cancer Research, among others. He also serves as a reviewer for several biomedical journals and granting agencies. Dr Bijur joined the Edanz Group as an editor and medical writer in 2010.

Dr Dean’s PhD thesis was titled “Endogenous Neural Excitation and Inhibition and the Evolution of Preterm Brain Injury.” Dr Dean is presently a post-doctoral research fellow in fields related to neuroscience. He has experience in large animal and fetal surgery techniques, including catheter and electrode placement and animal post-mortem and dissections, as well as in stereotaxic placement of microdialysis and laser Doppler probes. In electrophysiology, Dr Dean is skilled in the instrumentation, recording, and analysis of electrophysiological data in vivo, including cortical EEG spike wave and seizure activity, cerebral impedance, cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), cerebral laser Doppler, temperature, ECG, EMG, blood pressure, ultrasonic blood flow measurement, and fetal breathing movements. He possesses training in systems physiology, as well as an understanding of the complex and unique cardiovascular and central nervous system responses. In molecular fields, Dr Dean covers the various blot analysis techniques, primer design and sequence analysis, mRNA and protein extractions, RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis. Histology including staining and analysis of brain tissue and imaging and the associated laboratory skills are all areas in which Dr Dean has experience. Dr Dean began as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2007, and works in fields related to chemistry and neuroscience.

Ms Weidow is a freelance scientific and medical editor with over 6 years experience as a writer and editor in academia, healthcare, and industry. Ms Weidow has degrees in microbiology, statistics, and English from The University of Tennessee, with additional training in scientific writing at Vanderbilt University. She did her thesis research in a multidisciplinary cancer biology laboratory, where she designed small peptide therapeutics for the adjuvant treatment of some cancers. She has worked in academic laboratories for many years, and has contributed in various capacities (writing, editing, data analysis) to hundreds of peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, funded grant proposals, patents, abstracts, posters, standard operating procedures, media releases, and many other types of technical literature. Ms Weidow is a member of the Council of Science Editors, the American Medical Writers Association, and the Society for Scholarly Publishing. She edits and writes in a wide range of subject areas – most notably microbiology, cancer biology, oncology, cell biology, matrix biology, bioengineering, immunology, biostatistics, and method development. She began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Williams’ PhD investigated the role of non-viral delivery in gene therapy. She then spent three years working as a postdoctoral researcher on the gene regulation of cystic fibrosis. Dr Williams’ main areas of expertise are genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, plant sciences, medicine, surgery, microbiology and biotechnology. Dr Williams has published several first-author articles in peer-ranking journals and presented her work at international conferences. She has also been a finalist in the (UK) Young Science Writer of the Year award with a report on the role of a speech and language gene in the evolution of humans. Dr Williams joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2012.

Dr Benyon is a researcher for the USDA-ARS in the US Horticultural Research Laboratory, which concentrates on improving citrus and specialty crops. His current research involves identifying genetic targets for combating Huanglongbing/Citrus greening in citrus, the bacterial pathogen, and the insect vectors. Dr Benyon has a diversified science background, including having researched antimicrobial peptides at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Dr Benyon has also worked in East Asia with scientists from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China, and was a post-doctoral associate at Okayama University in Japan. Dr Benyon began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr de Boo is a physiologist with a particular interest in fetal growth and metabolism. Her PhD thesis was entitled “Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Intrauterine Growth Restriction,” focusing primarily on urea cycle disorders in growth-restricted human neonates and fetal sheep. She has since completed a post-doctoral study on the development of intrauterine treatments for intrauterine growth restriction by hormonal supplementation. Dr de Boo has extensive experience in writing and editing both scientific and non-scientific manuscripts and is now a full-time freelance editor.

Dr Barnett's PhD thesis, "Effect of variation in maternal protein intake during gestation and lactation on fuel metabolism in the offspring - studies in the rat", investigated the effects of early nutrition on pancreatic function and insulin metabolism. Dr Barnett post-doctoral studies investigated the role of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on intestinal inflammation in a mouse model using 'omics' technologies such as microarrays and proteomics. He is currently a Senior Research Scientist working for AgResearch in New Zealand; recently working in the field of epigenetics, in particular DNA methylation. Dr Barnett has published 20 peer-reviewed journal articles (11 since 2010) and one peer-reviewed book chapter, and has been an invited speaker at a number of international conferences. Dr Barnett joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011 with editing expertise in physiology, genomics/proteomics/metabolomics, epigenetics and intestinal inflammation and immunity.

Dr Tinsley completed his PhD at the School of Medicine at Flinders University of South Australia. His thesis title was "Non-Viral Glial Cell Transfection: A Therapeutic Strategy for CNS Regeneration." His post-doctoral training was in the neural stem cell laboratory of Prof Peter Eriksson, the first to demonstrate neurogenesis in the adult human brain. Dr Tinsley returned to Australia to work at the Howard Florey Institute, investigating models and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. He has over ten years experience in medical research, and has published widely in leading journals in his field, including Annals of Neurology. Dr Tinsley began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2011

Currently, Dr Werry is at Queen Mary University of London studying dentistry. Prior to this, he worked for GlaxoSmithKline Ltd in the Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery in Harlow, UK. Dr Werry studied G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology and cellular signaling as part of his PhD in a thesis entitled "The effects of crosstalk on GPCR-mediated calcium signaling pathways". He has also worked in one of the premier pharmacology labs in the world with Prof Arthur Christopoulos at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, studying cellular signaling by variants of the serotonin 5HT2C receptor and the pharmacology and cell biology of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Dr Werry's work has produced numerous publications including original research papers and authoritative reviews on calcium and ERK signaling and 5HT2C receptor RNA editing. His areas of expertise include pharmacology, neuroscience, G protein-coupled receptors, and cellular signaling. Dr Werry began working with the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010.

Ms Malapetsas is a medical and scientific editor/writer with experience in the development of content in the various areas in the life sciences for both medical research institutes and pharmaceutical advertising agencies. Initially a research assistant in a cancer research laboratory at the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research in Montreal, Canada, she performed molecular and cellular biology experiments—including mRNA, DNA, and protein extraction and purification, Northern and Western blots, RT-PCR, cellular transport, primary tissue culture, and various drug efficacy studies. She also developed laboratory documents for submission to journals and funding agencies. Ms Malapetsas then worked in pharmaceutical advertising, where for eight years she undertook proofreading, copyediting, and fact-checking, and wrote medical education programs delivering on-label drug information to physicians and healthcare professionals. Ms Malapetsas also has extensive experience as a freelance medical and scientific editor/writer for research laboratories and corporate entities. Ms Malapetsas began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Prof Hendry main research was in the molecular biology of RNA insect viruses. He also taught virology, molecular biology and immunology at Rhodes University in Grahamstown, South Africa. Prof Hendry has wide international research experience, having been a Visiting Scientist at the University of Madison – Wisconsin, USA, at National Chung Hsing University in Taichung, Taiwan, at the University of California – Davis, USA, and at the CSIRO in Canberra, Australia. He was an appointee to the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for 10 years, and was a member of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), the Society for General Microbiology (SGM), UK, and the Society for Invertebrate Pathology (SIP), USA. He spent seven years as a referee for research grant applications sent to the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa. Prof Hendry has published over 25 papers in international journals, has presented at numerous international congresses, and has served as referee for scientific manuscripts submitted to several journals. Prof Hendry joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011

After graduation from Cornell University, Mr Milazzo worked for 10 years at a preclinical contract research organization where he was in charge of multi-disciplinary programs for biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical device companies. Later Mr Milazzo became the director of preclinical research for a biotechnology company developing controlled-release drug implants for ophthalmic, orthopedic, and cardiovascular use, contributing to several IND and NDA applications to the US FDA. Mr Milazzo moved to New Zealand for his PhD studies, and has been working with biotechnology companies developing peptide therapies for muscle wasting disease and molecular diagnostic products for cancer detection and monitoring. His PhD thesis submitted in 2010, was entitled "Sheep Fat Bingo - A Comparison of Subcutaneous Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Infrapatellar Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Regard to their Chondrogenic Ability in a Sheep Model of Osteochondral Defect Repair". Mr Milazzo’s laboratory expertise includes techniques and surgical skills (particularly orthopedic) associated with a variety of large and small research animal models. These include stem cell and chondrocyte isolation and culture, immunohistochemistry, biochemical assay, histopathology specimen preparation and evaluation, microscopy, RNA extraction and cDNA preparation, and gene microarray. Mr Milazzo joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Sheen is a postdoctoral research fellow at San Diego State University, studying microbial pathogenesis. Her work encompasses microbial niche establishment as well as penetration of the blood-brain barrier. She also has two patents for the development of novel therapeutic agents for treatment of MRSA infections. Dr Sheen carried out her PhD research at AgResearch in Lincoln, New Zealand, focusing on applying genetic techniques to improve the soil survival of a microbial biocontrol agent. Her other research has involved the phylogenetic analysis of Antarctic notothenioid fish and species evolution. Dr Sheen began editing for Edanz Editing in 2011.

Dr Julie Dwyer is a postdoctoral researcher at the Cochin Institute, Paris, France. Her expertise is in cancer biology and molecular signaling, and has published several first author articles examining altered signaling in cancer. More recently, she has investigated the molecular crosstalk between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment, especially cancer cell signaling to endothelial cells and vice versa. As a result, Dr Dwyer has an in-depth understanding of endothelial barrier homeostasis and techniques used to study endothelial cell properties such as permeability and tubulogenesis assays. In addition, she is competent in numerous molecular biology methods, including RT-PCR, protein expression/interaction analysis and microscopy. Dr Dwyer has also been involved in the peer-review process for reviews as well as primary articles. Dr Dwyer joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

After graduating, Dr Charbonneau spent 10 years involved in general surgery, preventive medicine, behavior counseling and diagnostics and treatments related to dermatology, gastroenterology, endocrine and emergency patients in an animal veterinary practice. In 2000, Dr Charbonneau began a 10 year focus on emergency medicine and surgery and completed a one-year term teaching equine locomotor diseases to students of massage therapy. Her experience in emergency medicine includes critical care of trauma patients and patients in cardiac, liver and renal failure, infectious disease, resuscitation and transfusion medicine, neurological and endocrine emergencies as well as surgical correction of gastric dilatation and volvulus, ruptured splenic masses, gastrointestinal foreign bodies, bullet wounds, fractures and wound repair. Currently, Dr Charbonneau works as a relief veterinarian, and has an interest in clinically focused communication. Dr Charbonneau joined Edanz as an editor in 2011.

Mr Gorman has 35 years of experience in the healthcare system in Canada. He has worked as a project manager, research coordinator, department head, consultant, respiratory therapist, and more recently as a medical editor. Mr Gorman is familiar with AMA guidelines and ICMJE Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. For the past four years he has worked as a freelance medical editor for medical researchers at the McGill University and University of Montreal Research Centers in Montreal, QC, Canada. Mr Gorman joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

After studies in biochemistry and microbiology at the University of Victoria, Ms Bogh worked as a biomedical researcher with biotechnology companies and university departments. For the last 10 years she has worked for publishers of international, peer-reviewed scientific and technical journals and has edited manuscripts in many disciplines including microbiology, chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Ms Bogh is a board-certified Editor in the Life Sciences and recently earned a Postgraduate Certificate in Editing from the Department of Linguistics at Macquarie University. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2012

Dr Aprico's doctoral thesis was "[3H]4-methylglutamate as a novel radioligand for the brain glutamate transporters." From 2003 to 2005, Dr Aprico held a post-doctoral position at Arvid Carlsson Institute, Göteborg, Sweden, working with Dr Michael Nilsson, investigating in vitro models of reactive astrogliosis. Since 2005, Dr Aprico has been a university lecturer in pharmacology and physiology, but returned to university to obtain her medical degree in mid-2009. Dr Aprico began as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Mr Forster worked as a research assistant at the Max Planck Institute for Immunogenetics in Tübingen, Germany, before leaving to work as a freelance translator and copy editor of medical books and journals, primarily for Springer Verlag. He became an in-house editor with Springer in Heidelberg before moving to Tokyo to work in Springer's Tokyo office. For the past 20 years, Stephen has worked mostly in journalism and as a freelance writer and editor for such journal publishers. Mr Forster joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Mr Arico has been working and studying in the Australian scientific sector for the past several years and has held research positions at internationally recognized organizations such as the Queensland and Garvan Institutes of Medical Research. During this time his research focused on Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunology. Mr Arico has also worked in the private biotechnology sector in the area of Molecular Diagnostics. Mr Arico completed his honors degree in 2006 under the direction of a prominent Professor of Stem Cell Sciences at Monash University researching definitive endoderm differentiation from human embryonic stem cells. His technical skills include: cell culture including human and mouse embryonic stem cells, in vitro cell differentiations using embryonic and adult stem cells, various imaging techniques, cell-based assays, flow cytometry, cell purification techniques, PCR, cloning and retroviral transfections. Mr Arico has a strong interest in tissue engineering technologies and the clinical use of stem cells. He began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2011.

Mr Pishief, a barrister and solicitor, is a legal editor and writer of manuscripts for publication in text books, legal bulletins, and online on global legal platforms. His background in both law and science, with his biomedical science study focusing on molecular pathology, specifcally pathology (including histology) of the brain, heart, liver, kidney, bone, blood, and lymphoid system; genetics, including sequencing, bioinformatics and genetic disorders; biomedical laboratory techniques, with a focus on DNA/RNA extraction and isolation, reverse transcription, PCR, and gel electrophoresis; metabolism; immunology; medical microbiology; and physiology (including neurophysiology and neuroimaging). An experienced report and abstract writer, Mr Pishief joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Prosser’s PhD is in animal physiology with an emphasis on cardiovascular function and disease, focusing on recently identified peptides of low molecular weight, observing their effects on cardiac function in both healthy and diseased hearts. His thesis includes techniques to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways underlying the hemodynamic responses observed, as well as the receptors and enzymes mediating their activity. Dr Prosser has published three articles in international peer-reviewed journals, and presented his work at both national and international conferences. Dr Prosser began working for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Ms Bass is a science writer and editor focused on academic medicine and clinical research. Since 2007, she has served as a grant writer, manuscript editor, and project manager for many UC San Diego laboratories, assisting investigators involved in such diverse fields as hospital policy and quality improvement, radiology, medical physics, nanotechnology, materials science, and genomics. Ms Bass has also edited patient-education and complementary/alternative medicine guidebooks and newsletters for a San Diego-based health insurer. In addition to her academic degrees, in 2004 Ms Bass earned an Advanced Certificate in Technical & Scientific Writing from San Diego State University. Ms Bass joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.