Dr Sherwin’s scientific background is in biochemistry with an emphasis on osteoarthritis, tissue engineering and cell culture. She has wide experience in both cell and molecular biology techniques. Dr Sherwin has excellent writing skills and has published several peer-reviewed journal articles and scientific reports as both lead author and supporting author during her post-doctoral work in the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Dr Sherwin has been a full-time editor with Edanz Editing since 2002. During that time, she has edited over 3000 manuscripts in the Health and Life Sciences for Japanese and Chinese authors, with a wide range of research fields and target journals.

Dr Fee is a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Canterbury, with expertise particularly in biotechnology, biochemical and biomolecular engineering. His PhD topic was on blood flow disturbances in the carotid artery and their links to atherosclerosis. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in 1989/90, working on membrane ultrafiltration. He then returned to NZ as a lecturer at the University of Waikato, and a biochemical engineer at the Meat Industry Research Institute of New Zealand (MIRINZ). A full-time lecturer at the University of Waikato from 1996, he was head of the Department of Materials and Process Engineering from 2003 until 2006, when he took up a chair in chemical engineering at the University of Canterbury. Dr Fee has a wide range of experience in protein purification, protein PEGylation, membrane separations and process chromatography, and has worked in controlled drug delivery, microencapsulation and high-value dairy protein purifications. He is Director of the Biomolecular Interactions Centre at the University of Canterbury and has expertise in surface plasmon resonance. Dr Fee has published over 160 journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, patents and industrial research reports across a wide range of chemical engineering topics. Dr Fee began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in fields associated with chemical engineering and biotechnology in 2008.

From 1993 to 2006, Dr Helliwell held positions in several research organizations as a Research Fellow in the areas of Anatomy with Radiology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Molecular Endocrinology. Dr Helliwell is a highly regarded and well published (12 first authored reports and numerous abstracts) scientist in her field; as well she is an invited peer reviewer for many international journals. She has strong analytical skills that she brings to the editing of manuscripts for submission to peer-reviewed journals. She joined Edanz Editing in late 2006. Her fields of editing can best be described by the following areas of competence: basic molecular and cell biology techniques, in situ hybridization, cell and tissue culture, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and zymography, receptor autoradiography and receptor binding assays, mammalian neuroanatomy and neuroendocrinology.

Dr Devon is a biologist with a special interest in neuroscience and genetics. She is a graduate of the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, and obtained her PhD in 1996 from the University of Edinburgh, UK, in the genetics of psychiatric illness. She undertook post-doctoral research on a rare, inherited form of Motor Neurone Disease (Lou Gehrig's Disease) in Vancouver, Canada, and then started her own research group back in Edinburgh, UK, investigating the genetics, cell biology and biochemistry of motor neurone disease. She is a co-founder of the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research at the University of Edinburgh. Dr Devon has written over 50 research papers, book chapters, reviews and successful grant applications, and has peer-reviewed manuscripts for molecular biology journals. Dr Devon began working with Edanz Editing in 2008.

Dr David has conducted research in many areas, including inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, and analytic chemistry. Her most recent research investigated the forensic use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the analysis of illicit drugs. Dr David is an experienced science communicator and editor, and received an award in the MacDiarmid Young Scientist of the Year competition (2007, New Zealand). She has also completed an internship with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Bangkok, Thailand). Dr David has presented at conferences and has peer-reviewed publications in the areas of physical, analytical, and forensic chemistry. Dr David began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Smith’s PhD thesis was entitled “The Role of PPARalpha in Modulating Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Action using In Vivo Models of Insulin Resistance”. Dr Smith has been a Research Assistant at the Queen Mary, University of London’s Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, where he focused on the biochemistry of diabetes and related metabolic disorders. He has also been a Research Fellow at the London Sport Institute, part of Middlesex University. Dr Smith has studied editing and design skills in relation to publication at the London School of Journalism, and is now a full-time medical writer. Dr Smith gained extensive experience in medical and scientific communications while employed at the internationally recognized agency Medicus International, where he worked on a range of medical communications projects for several well-known pharmaceutical companies. He joined the Edanz Group in 2006, where he is able to apply his wide research background and expertise in the medical communications sector in assisting clients to achieve their publication goals.

Dr Demarest received a BSc in Psychology and a PhD in Neurobiology and Behavior from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Her work has focused on the neuroscience and genetics of a behavioral mouse model. From her research she has authored several peer-reviewed papers. She is currently a staff scientist at the Scripps Research Institute. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2008.

McPherson's background is in chemistry. For her PhD, “Sulfur-substituted alkyl complexes of platinum and palladium,” she investigated the synthesis and properties of sulfur-substituted organoplatinum and organopalladium complexes. She has over 25 years' experience in scientific publishing, working mainly in the physical sciences and engineering. She has been an independent publishing and editorial consultant since 2002 and began working for the Edanz Group in 2009.

For three years, Dr Furness was a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, where she used extensive molecular genetic techniques to examine the factors influencing the growth of hematopoietic stem cells, with relevance to the development of cancers such as leukemia. Later Dr Furness was a researcher at Glasgow University where she analyzed the energetic requirements of seabirds, using field observations, analysis of radioisotopes from blood samples and metabolic monitoring of birds in respirometers. Dr Furness is a scientific editor with extensive experience of abstracting, indexing and editing scientific papers on a wide range of topics including general medicine, pharmacology and genetics, with personal experience of active scientific research and the publishing of research papers. From 1993 to 2007, Dr Furness was a Specialist Medical Indexer at Thomson Scientific. She began working with Edanz Editing in 2007.

Dr Mahkdum was a Research Fellow at the University College London before becoming a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the Scripps Institute at the University of California, San Diego, in California. Since 2000, Dr Makhdum has been a medical writer and editor holding various positions including Managing Editor at Elsevier in Oxford from 2005 to 2007. Dr Makhdum began as an editor with Edanz Editing and Liwen Bianji (Edanz Editing China) in 2008.

Dr Donkin's PhD thesis was entitled "The Effects of the Neuropeptide Substance P on Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats". His research interests include developing novel pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of neurotrauma and neurodegeneration using rodent animal models. He has completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of British Columbia, Canada, investigating potential prophylactic and therapeutic compounds in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Dr Donkin has published several peer-reviewed journal articles and currently works as a scientific writer. Dr Donkin joined the Edanz Group as a science editor, writer and reviewer in 2011.

Dr Lodge is a cell biologist with wide-ranging experience in academic research, early stage drug discovery, and stem cell therapy regulatory affairs. For his PhD and postdoctoral work, Dr Lodge studied the roles of the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules in axon guidance during nervous system development. Dr Lodge joined GlaxoSmithKline in 2001, where he held research and programme leadership roles within target validation initiatives for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. He was also involved in developing drug discovery strategies involving stem cells. From 2009 to 2011, Dr Lodge was Programme Manager for a stem cell therapy unit at University College London, where he was responsible for the unit obtaining the necessary licenses required by the recently introduced Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) directive. His technical expertise covers a broad spectrum of cell biology, molecular biology and protein biochemistry techniques, including their application to drug discovery assay development. Dr Lodge has published several first author publications in international peer-reviewed journals, and he is experienced in writing a variety of pre-clinical and clinical regulatory documents. Dr Lodge currently offers consulting services in cell-based drug discovery, ATMP regulatory affairs, and scientific writing (including web development). He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Bradshaw is a clinical specialist with a strong background in biomedical science and healthcare related research. He is a member of the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA), and has published over 17 scientific papers. In 2007/8, Dr Bradshaw sat on the board as an elected member of both the Royal College of Physicians guideline development and steering groups, leading to the publication of National Health Service guidelines. He also first-authored the UK national guidelines on “Occupational Visual Standards” for the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. He is a peer reviewer for several top journals including: the American Journal of Ophthalmology, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine and the British Journal of General Practice. Dr Bradshaw is a specialist editor across a wide variety of medical and bioscience topics. He joined the Edanz Groups as an editor and writer in 2010.

Dr Shoemaker's scientific background is in pharmacology and toxicology with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine disorders and gastroenterology. For her PhD, she investigated and published on the involvement of the second cannabinoid receptor (CB2) in the pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. For her post-doctoral fellowship at Emory University, she studied the pathophysiology of enteric axons during the early stages of diabetes. Dr Shoemaker is an experienced editor and began working for the Edanz Group in early 2009.

Dr Cant has been a Research Fellow (Pharmacology) at the University of Edinburgh and a Research Assistant at the University of London and the University of Oxford, as well as a Lecturer in Physiology at the University of Aberdeen where she also established an electrophysiology laboratory for investigation of drug effects on electrical activity in isolated mammalian cardiac ventricular cells. Dr Cant also has extensive writing and editing experience, having edited papers in biological and physical sciences for the European Community CORDIS Results and Publications databases, as well as for the BEST (British Expertise in Science and Technology) database and its sister database in the US. Dr Cant was a medical editor/database indexer for Thomson Scientific for a number of years and has a wide knowledge of various areas including cardiovascular disease, gastroenterology, neuroscience, epidemiology, pharmacology and physiology.

Dr Kerr originally studied microbiology at Glasgow University and went on to complete a PhD on herpes viruses at Aberdeen University. He then specialized in electron microscopy and continued for a few years in post-doctoral research on ultrasound treatment of cancer. This was followed by a diploma in information studies, and he has worked in medical and drug information since 1991. Dr Kerr has worked previously as an indexer for EMBase and other pharmaceutical databases, a news writer for several journals including Lancet Infections Diseases and Lancet Oncology, and as a copyeditor for Springer and the Society for General Microbiology. In addition to editing, he works on product literature databases for a number of leading pharmaceutical companies. Dr Kerr joined the Edanz Group in 2005 and edits in the medical and life sciences, with a particular interest in microbiology and infectious diseases. He is a member of the Society for General Microbiology.

Dr Mosi’s PhD studies involved the mechanism of reaction of two alpha glycosyltransferases, glycogen phosphorylase and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, through the use of modified substrates and inhibitors. Dr Mosi is a senior research scientist with eight years’ experience in pharmaceutical drug research. She has developed and implemented novel assays for the purpose of the identification of inhibitors of metallo-enzymes as antibacterials and inhibitors of cysteine proteases for the treatment of cancer. Dr Mosi has applied expertise in enzymology, receptor based cell biology, drug metabolism and protein purification and production. As well, she has designed and standardized systems and procedures for interpreting scientific results. She also has a sound knowledge of FDA guidelines and is trained in GLP and GMP procedures. Dr Mosi is a past member of the Drug Information Association, International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics, Society for Biomolecular Screening, American Society of Microbiology, and the Canadian Society of Chemistry. As first author of 10 published, peer reviewed manuscripts, and as editor of numerous other papers in fields of biology, biochemistry, chemistry and pharmacology, Dr Mosi brings an extensive writing background to her editing work for Edanz Editing.

Dr Patel is a neuroscientist interested in central nervous system degeneration and mental illness. For his doctoral thesis he developed a mouse gene-knockout model for the human neurological disorder aceruloplasminemia. Subsequently, as a research fellow at the Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School he studied the molecular signaling cascades involved in nerve cell migration. Dr Patel has recently focused his research on the molecular genetics of psychiatric illness as an associate at the Douglas Mental Health Institute in Montreal. His studies center on microRNA signaling networks involved in major depression and suicide. Dr Patel has published a number of first-author articles in high-impact journals, including The Journal of Biological Chemistry and The Journal of Neuroscience. He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Ms Brunker has been editing biomedical documents for over two decades, including submissions to peer-reviewed journals; dissertations and other academic papers; applications to US regulatory agencies (the Food and Drug Administration and the Patent and Trademark Office); pharmaceutical advertisements of all types; Web site content; slide presentations, scripts and other support pieces for conferences and similar events; and a wide variety of medical education materials. Her master’s thesis was on apoptosis in HIV+ CD4+ cells. She has also done laboratory work in breast cancer and environmental medicine.

Dr Morben has six years of experience in veterinary medicine. She currently works as a general practitioner in the United States. In addition, Dr Morben has extensive experience editing and proofreading a wide variety of research manuscripts and is a member of the American Medical Writers Association. Dr Morben began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Rogers presently is a lecturer in scientific communication and writing at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. He has previously held research positions as a laboratory head within the biotechnology industry, specializing in proteomics research, and within the food industry, conducting research in primary materials. He completed post-doctoral research within the University of Paris, as a Royal Society Fellow, and at the University of Sussex. He has published widely and is joint author to seven biotechnology patents. Dr Rogers began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Komolova’s doctoral dissertation focused on characterizing the role of the kidneys in blood pressure regulation in various disease states (hypertension, salt-sensitivity, and obesity). She also investigated the effects of antihypertensive drugs and lifestyle changes on cardiovascular and metabolic function. She is proficient in numerous research techniques, ranging from molecular to whole-animal methodologies. Her work has been published in scientific journals including Hypertension, the Journal of Hypertension, and the International Journal of Obesity. Currently, she is an Adjunct Professor and Research Facilitator in the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology at Queen’s University, and a freelance medical writer. Dr Komolova began working with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Roth has published articles on T cell biology, the molecular mechanisms of gene rearrangement, hematopoeisis, developmental biology, neurobiology, and nuclear receptor biology. He has extensive experience with transgeneic animal models, developing genomic and proteomic based technologies, and applying gene and protein expression profiling methods to diseases and therapeutic areas, including diabetes, obesity, blood disorders, and oncology. He is a co-author on 13 publications in high impact journals, and the co-inventor on five issued patents. He has consulted with leading biopharmaceutical, medical device, and life science companies on new platform technologies and product development. As an adjunct professor at Quinnipiac University, he taught an undergraduate online biology course for several years. He received an American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship while at Northwestern University, and studied developmental neurobiology at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Dr Roth began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in 2010.

Dr Barrett’s PhD thesis was entitled “Therapeutic hypothermia and its effects on the preterm fetal sheep”. His post-doctoral research focuses on fetal physiology and neuroscience. Dr Barrett has experience in large animal and fetal surgery techniques, including catheter and electrode placement and animal post-mortem dissections. Dr Barrett is also skilled in analysis of electrophysiological data in vivo, including EEG seizure activity; temperature, ECG, EMG, blood pressure and blood flow. He has training in systems physiology, as well as an understanding of the complex and unique cardiovascular and central nervous system responses. Dr Barrett’s histology skills include, stereological staining and analysis of brain tissue, and associated microscope skills. Dr Barrett has published papers in peer reviewed journals, co-authored a book chapter and presented at national and international congresses. Dr Barrett began work as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr de Boo is a physiologist with a particular interest in fetal growth and metabolism. Her PhD thesis was entitled “Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Intrauterine Growth Restriction,” focusing primarily on urea cycle disorders in growth-restricted human neonates and fetal sheep. She has since completed a post-doctoral study on the development of intrauterine treatments for intrauterine growth restriction by hormonal supplementation. Dr de Boo has extensive experience in writing and editing both scientific and non-scientific manuscripts and is now a full-time freelance editor.

Dr Zagami's scientific research has focused on the study of the normal development and function of the nervous system and the aberrant processes underlying neurological diseases. Her early studies involved the development of an organotypic spinal cord slice culture model of the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Dr Zagami's PhD studies examined the roles of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, two processes implicated in ALS, on glutamate transporter function and cell death. Particular attention was focused on astrocytes and their role in regulating glutamate transporters, as well the effect of these mechanisms on motor neurons. Dr Zagami’s postdoctoral work at the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada, aimed to gain a better understanding of the development of certain brainstem neuronal populations by focusing on a protein with an important role in neuronal subtype specification and axon targeting in other areas of the nervous system. Dr Zagami joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Prof Mackraj is an Associate Professor in the Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal. She teaches Human Physiology and Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences and the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine. She is responsible for running a gene expression laboratory. Her main research focuses are hypertension and its management using medicinal plants; and the etiology and treatment of pre-eclampsia. Prof Mackraj’s postdoctoral work involved the generation and characterization of a gene-disrupted proximal tubular cell model for the investigation of transporter mechanisms in the kidney. Her current research projects involve the investigation of blood pressure lowering plants with a focus on the renin-angiotensin system; and the etiopathology of pre-eclampsia in the local population. She is also a participant in projects involving novel drug delivery systems. She is a well-published author in ISI-listed journals, and is the Principle grant-holder for her research projects. Prof Mackraj joined the Edanz Group as an editor and reviewer in 2011

Dr Tinsley completed his PhD at the School of Medicine at Flinders University of South Australia. His thesis title was "Non-Viral Glial Cell Transfection: A Therapeutic Strategy for CNS Regeneration." His post-doctoral training was in the neural stem cell laboratory of Prof Peter Eriksson, the first to demonstrate neurogenesis in the adult human brain. Dr Tinsley returned to Australia to work at the Howard Florey Institute, investigating models and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. He has over ten years experience in medical research, and has published widely in leading journals in his field, including Annals of Neurology. Dr Tinsley began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2011

Currently, Dr Werry is at Queen Mary University of London studying dentistry. Prior to this, he worked for GlaxoSmithKline Ltd in the Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery in Harlow, UK. Dr Werry studied G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology and cellular signaling as part of his PhD in a thesis entitled "The effects of crosstalk on GPCR-mediated calcium signaling pathways". He has also worked in one of the premier pharmacology labs in the world with Prof Arthur Christopoulos at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, studying cellular signaling by variants of the serotonin 5HT2C receptor and the pharmacology and cell biology of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Dr Werry's work has produced numerous publications including original research papers and authoritative reviews on calcium and ERK signaling and 5HT2C receptor RNA editing. His areas of expertise include pharmacology, neuroscience, G protein-coupled receptors, and cellular signaling. Dr Werry began working with the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010.

Dr Lai qualified in medicine and underwent training in internal medicine, followed by specialization in oncology. Dr Lai was later responsible for clinical research programs of novel signal disrupting agents for solid tumors and hematological malignancies at a global pharmaceutical company. He has extensive experience in the process of drug development, from phase 1 dose-escalation studies to large-scale, phase 3 randomized controlled trials and post-marketing surveys. In addition, he is also experienced in regulatory and health economic issues related to pharmaceutical products. Dr Lai is an experienced editor and began editing for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Dawes’ PhD focused on neuroprotective drugs and their effects on retinal ischemia. Before undertaking her PhD, Dr Dawes spent 15 years as a senior research assistant at the National Institute for Medical Research, London, studying neuronal plasticity in the amphibian visual system. Dr Dawes’ then began research at St Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School, London, studying the effects of dietary antioxidants on lipid peroxide formation in animal tissue after whole body irradiation. She has been an author on 15 peer reviewed papers and has given presentations at national and international scientific meetings. Dr Dawes’ experience has covered techniques in radiation biology, biochemistry, anatomy, histology, neurophysiology and neuropharmacology. Concurrent with her research, for 38 years Dr Dawes has been an assistant lecturer at the Open University, UK, teaching neurobiology, psychology and foundation sciences. Dr Dawes now works between the UK and China, and began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Ms Malapetsas is a medical and scientific editor/writer with experience in the development of content in the various areas in the life sciences for both medical research institutes and pharmaceutical advertising agencies. Initially a research assistant in a cancer research laboratory at the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research in Montreal, Canada, she performed molecular and cellular biology experiments—including mRNA, DNA, and protein extraction and purification, Northern and Western blots, RT-PCR, cellular transport, primary tissue culture, and various drug efficacy studies. She also developed laboratory documents for submission to journals and funding agencies. Ms Malapetsas then worked in pharmaceutical advertising, where for eight years she undertook proofreading, copyediting, and fact-checking, and wrote medical education programs delivering on-label drug information to physicians and healthcare professionals. Ms Malapetsas also has extensive experience as a freelance medical and scientific editor/writer for research laboratories and corporate entities. Ms Malapetsas began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Vocadlo is a chemist with six years’ experience in medicinal chemistry and drug product development in biotech companies. As a researcher she was involved in multi-step synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of compounds, including experiment planning, execution, compound isolation, purification and identification. Dr Vocadlo has also gathered and evaluated information, and then prepared regulatory submissions for NDA (New Drug Applications of the US FDA). As well as being a published first author, Dr Vocadlo has extensive experience in technical writing and editing (theses, manuscripts, protocols and reports). Dr Vocadlo began working with Edanz Editing in 2007.

Dr James’ PhD thesis, and initial postdoctoral work, was on the characterization of DISC1, a susceptibility gene for psychiatric illness. Subsequent postdoctoral research focused on acute brain injury and the mitochondrial response in a transgenic mouse model. Dr James understands brain biology with a particular interest in psychiatric illness, neurodegenerative disease, genetics and cellular biology. She has multi-disciplinary laboratory expertise in a number of techniques, covering protein biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, histology and microscopy. Dr James has experience of human tissue studies, as well as transgenic animal models and cell culture systems, including embryonic stem cells. From her research she has co-authored several peer-reviewed papers, including a Science paper, which was cited as one of the top ten breakthroughs of 2005. Dr James joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Ms Igelstrom currently works as an electrophysiologist at the University of Otago. She has a background in biochemistry and physiology, and is now specializing in neuroscience. Her PhD research focused on brain slice models of epileptic seizures, and she is currently investigating ion channel modulators for antiepileptic drug treatment. She has experience with a variety of electrophysiological techniques, including whole-cell voltage/current clamp, cell-attached tight-seal current clamp, field potential recording, and single-unit recording. Her past and current research interests include behavioral reward conditioning, olfactory processing, non-synaptic neurotransmission, epileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs, and antidepressant drugs. Ms Igelstrom also has a special interest in the physiological effects of alternative and complementary therapies, such as Chinese medicine and yoga. Apart from her electrophysiological skills, Ms Igelstrom also has experience with cell culture, western blotting, microscopy, behavioral rat training, and immunohistochemistry. Ms Igelstrom joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Kam’s PhD studies focused on the identification and characterization of neural stem cells in the adult human brain. Her thesis entitled ‘The rostral migratory stream in the normal adult human brain’ and her other studies have resulted in several journal publications including an article in Science in 2007. Currently, Dr Kam is a senior tutor in the Department of Physiology, University of Auckland. She began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Schade-Bijur’s PhD focused on identifying the promoter region of a neuronal sodium channel in the human brain. Dr Schade-Bijur’s work from these studies has been presented at an international Society of Neuroscience meeting and published in peer-reviewed journals. She is highly skilled in molecular biology techniques, such as cloning, mRNA, DNA and protein extraction, RT-PCR, blotting, sequencing and gel electrophoresis. For seven years Dr Schade-Bijur worked in a biotechnology company that focused on a radioactive peptide as targeted therapy for neuro-oncology. As a scientist and the Senior Manager for Manufacturing, Dr Schade-Bijur performed histology experiments for various tissues, including using a microtome for tissue slice preparation, and oocyte extraction and electrophysiology on a glioma chloride channel. Dr Schade-Bijur was also in charge of the clinical pharmacy and was part of the clinical team writing grants and regulatory documents. From this research she published two more peer-reviewed papers, including a clinical trial paper. As a freelance writer, Dr Schade-Bijur has written in the areas of health economics, medical education regarding cancer angiogenesis and over 50 technical bulletins about lipid products. Dr Schade-Bijur has a particularly broad science and writing background. She joined the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010, specializing in the fields of neuroscience and oncology.

Dr Colton's research background in biochemistry focused on lipid biochemical pathways in marine invertebrates and mammalian skin. His doctoral thesis involved describing the biochemical pathways for sebaceous lipid production in the genus Equus through radio-label, structural analysis, and comparative biochemical studies. His post-doctoral work involved relating the giant ring lactones of equine sebum to the epidermal water barrier of mammalian skin. Dr Colton is a generalist scientist and, as a college professor, taught courses from inorganic and organic chemistry to biochemistry and molecular biology to nuclear physics and astronomy. He has advised and edited numerous theses, papers, and articles for colleagues and students. He has published 13 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has been an active editor since 2007. Dr Colton began editing for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Hitchin is a synthetic organic chemist with over eight years of experience in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. He is skilled in the areas of synthetic chemistry, medicinal chemistry and process research and development. Dr Hitchin's PhD investigated the synthesis and application of poly-functionalized quinuclidine systems. He is currently a Senior Scientific Officer for Cancer Research UK at the Paterson Institute of Cancer Research in the UK, where he leads a team of medicinal chemists investigating novel drug discovery targets in oncology. Dr Hitchin has also worked as a Chemistry Group Leader for Pfizer Global Research and Development at the Sandwich laboratories in Kent, UK, where he was responsible for the successful design and implementation of synthetic strategies across therapeutic areas including pain, obesity and virology. Further to this, Dr Hitchin has worked providing c-GMP manufacture in an FDA approved facility. Dr Hitchin has published in several peer-reviewed journals. He joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Eve McCutchen Vick's research has included studies of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, degeneration of hippocampal cholinergic innervation, and modulation of neuronal signaling by neurotrophic factors. Her expertise includes learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, hippocampal physiology and intracellular signaling, cholinergic and adrenergic receptors, electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry. Dr Vick is well published in high-ranking journals, and has edited manuscripts across a variety of subject areas, including neuroscience, pharmacology, toxicology, and cardiology. She has also taught undergraduate courses in both Psychology and Anatomy and Physiology at several institutions in the US. Dr Vick joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Cleary is a biomedical scientist with a special interest in cancer research and chronic disease. Her doctoral thesis was entitled “From chromaffin cells to phaeochromocytoma: insight into the sympathoadrenal lineage”. Dr Cleary was a Post Doctoral Fellow with the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH), where she was the lead researcher on a project investigating novel strategies for the treatment of metastatic kidney disease. Dr Cleary has an extensive history of research in cancer tumor biology and an interest in the developmental origins of cancer, especially those related to mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau gene. Dr Cleary has an interest in health policy and was a Fellow with the Fogarty International Center at the NIH. During this time she was involved in a number of global health policy projects. Dr Cleary has published a number of articles in peer-reviewed journals in addition to other science writing for a non-technical audience. Dr Cleary began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Price's training is as a pharmacologist, with specific emphasis on molecular pharmacology, signal transduction, and neuroscience. His research includes extensive work on immunophilins, a class of compounds that promote nerve regeneration. He has worked in both pharmaceutical and small biotechnology companies in Japan, the US, and Europe. He has published over 20 research articles, including an invited review. Over the past seven years, Dr Price has edited/co-written over 1100 scientific publications, presentations, and regulatory documents. Dr Price began as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Eastman has wide clinical care experience. He was board certified by the American Board of Family Practice in 1977 and by the American Board of Emergency Medicine in 1981. He has been involved in paramedic training and emergency care planning. Dr Eastman has been a Federal Aviation Administration Senior Aviation Medical Examiner, a safety advisor for power boat racing and an expert witness in cases of alleged malpractice. In 1986 he was president of the Orange County (California) chapter of the American Academy of Family Practitioners. In 1992 Dr Eastman joined a rural general practice in New Zealand, leading development of its computerized database and of X-ray services. He has written a health care column and has published on medical ethics. Dr Eastman joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Ms LaPoint is a science and medical writer-editor with experience in a wide range of medical and life science topics. Her master’s thesis involved the development of antimicrobial agents to prevent and treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Ms LaPoint has taught biology and microbiology at the University of North Carolina-Greensboro, where she also conducted research investigating links between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. She has co-authored seven scientific manuscripts published in peer-reviewed journals and one scientific book chapter. Ms LaPoint also has a post-graduate biomedical writing certificate and is a board-certified editor in the life sciences (ELS). As an editor she has edited hundreds of research manuscripts; as a writer she has written about health and medical topics for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. She began working as an editor and writer with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Murnane is a biologist with particular experience in neuroscience and pharmacology. His PhD dissertation topic was an examination of the in vivo pharmacology of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”). Dr Murnane is currently a post doctoral fellow at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, the United States. He has received numerous prestigious honors and awards for his research. Dr Murnane is a member of the Society for Neuroscience, the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, and the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. His present research interests include studying the in vivo effects of psychostimulants using behavioral pharmacology, neurochemistry, and neuroimaging techniques. Dr Murnane also has significant experience in the fields of addiction, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, cognition, comparative psychology, and animal behavior. In 2010 he joined Edanz Group, where he applies his research background and expertise as a writer and editor to assist clients achieve their publication goals.

Ms Hindle is a science writer and editor with experience in regulatory, pharmaceutical and academic journal publishing. She has worked for Health Canada as Technical Writer and Editor for the Therapeutic Products Directorate where she contributed to the development of Summary Basis of Decision documents, which outline to the public the basis of new drug and medical device approvals in Canada. Ms Hindle has also worked in Cambridge, England as a Production Editor for the journals Development and Journal of Cell Science. Her technical background involves several years as a human health and aquatic toxicologist, including research projects on the effects of pesticide exposure on salmonid stream choice and laboratory method development for aquatic toxicity testing. She joined Edanz Group as a Project Manager and Senior Language Editor in May 2011.

Dr Aprico's doctoral thesis was "[3H]4-methylglutamate as a novel radioligand for the brain glutamate transporters." From 2003 to 2005, Dr Aprico held a post-doctoral position at Arvid Carlsson Institute, Göteborg, Sweden, working with Dr Michael Nilsson, investigating in vitro models of reactive astrogliosis. Since 2005, Dr Aprico has been a university lecturer in pharmacology and physiology, but returned to university to obtain her medical degree in mid-2009. Dr Aprico began as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

John Kristiansen has worked as a pharmacist since 1990. From 1992-2007 he held clinical positions in NZ and UK pediatric hospitals, including seven years as the Children’s Health Pharmacist Team Leader at Starship/Auckland City Hospital. Mr Kristiansen has worked clinically in a range of pediatric sub-specialties: hematology and oncology, solid organ transplantation, intensive care, respiratory disease, and total parenteral nutrition. Since 2007 he has been working as a Quality Use of Medicines Pharmacist/Project Manager for initiatives focused on the primary health care sector. He writes and edits pharmaceutical educational materials for health professionals and evaluates interventions that promote the safe and effective use of medicines. He joined the Edanz Group in 2010 and is a specialist editor in the fields of pharmacy practice, drugs and therapeutics, and allied health fields.

Ms Koke is presently in the Psychology and Neuroscience PhD program at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. Her research interests include the neurological mechanisms of time and rhythm perception, motor rhythm synchronization and therapeutic brain stimulation. Previously, Ms. Koke worked as a research associate at the University of Calgary in the Behavioural Neuroscience Research Group and then as a member of the Hotchkiss Brain Institute in various research labs; studies included epilepsy, circadian rhythms, learning and memory, and therapeutic brain stimulation. She has experience with behavioral training and stereotaxic surgery in both rodent and primate models. Ms Koke has 5 years of research experience in the fields of behavioral neuroscience and clinical neuroscience; publishing two papers in international peer-reviewed journals. Ms Koke joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Mr Granville's research has included work on the expression of immediate early genes in the rat hippocampus, and involved extensive use of primer design and sequence analysis, gel electrophoresis, and quantitative PCR. He has also studied Science Communication specializing in non-fiction writing, and has studied the history and philosophy of science over a wide range of disciplines including psychology, neuroscience, pharmacology, biochemistry, and molecular and cell biology, focusing on developments from the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. He joined Edanz Group in 2010 as a science editor and writer.

Ms Bass is a science writer and editor focused on academic medicine and clinical research. Since 2007, she has served as a grant writer, manuscript editor, and project manager for many UC San Diego laboratories, assisting investigators involved in such diverse fields as hospital policy and quality improvement, radiology, medical physics, nanotechnology, materials science, and genomics. Ms Bass has also edited patient-education and complementary/alternative medicine guidebooks and newsletters for a San Diego-based health insurer. In addition to her academic degrees, in 2004 Ms Bass earned an Advanced Certificate in Technical & Scientific Writing from San Diego State University. Ms Bass joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Ms O’Neill is a highly proficient information scientist and indexer with extensive experience in a wide range of disciplines, including pharmaceutics, pharmacy, pharmacology, general medicine, biochemistry, molecular biology, health care management and environmental biology. From 1993 to 2007, Ms O’Neill was a specialist medical indexer working on the EMBASE database, BIOSIS database and customized drug-based databases for a number of leading pharmaceutical companies. She is also experienced at writing customized abstracts for the pharmaceutical industry. Ms O’Neill began working as an editor with Edanz Editing in 2007. As well as the work carried out for Edanz, Ms O’Neill is currently still performing indexing work, mainly in the fields of pharmacology and gastroenterology, for a variety of major drug companies.

Dr Webster’s research has elucidated the biochemical and physiological mechanisms controlling the uptake and assimilation of free amino acids and the influence of Na+ and K+ ion gradients on these mechanisms. Since 1993, Dr Webster has been a Biomedical Indexer for Crossaig/Thomson and Derwent/Thomson Scientific. This work has included the therapeutic use of drugs, details of dosages and frequency of administration, drug comparisons and combinations, drug pharmacology and pharmacokinetic parameters, adverse effects/toxicity and treatment outcome. Dr Webster began working with Edanz Editing in 2006, editing in the fields of biological and environmental sciences.

Dr Daniel’s PhD thesis was entitled “Molecular Characterization of the Hsp70/Hsp90 Organizing Protein (Hop): Phosphorylation, Subcellular Localization and Interaction with Hsp90.” Dr Daniel is familiar with all standard laboratory and research techniques including molecular biological techniques, organ culture, tissue culture of immortalized cell lines (mammalian), recombinant production and purification of heterologous proteins, recombinant DNA manipulation, confocal fluorescent microscopy, transient transfection of mammalian cells, site directed mutagenesis, one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, assay techniques, Western blot analysis and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dr Daniel began as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Mr Wallace’s background is in biochemistry and genetics. Later he focused on biomedical science/bioengineering, in particular nerve regeneration in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. His PhD focuses on tissue engineering for spinal cord injury and combines the use of novel nerve guides as cell carriers for the promotion of axonal regeneration. This project also looks at optimal cell isolation protocols for neural stem cells and optimization of nerve conduits using hydrogels. He is experienced in tissue extraction and cell culture, viral transduction, electrospinning, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, freeze-dry processing of scaffolds, collagen isolation, RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE, Southern blotting and histology. He has also worked as a Scientific Information Specialist for Thomson Scientific & Healthcare during 2004–2006. In this position he was responsible for analyzing and extracting information from life science and biomedical articles to allow for seamless access to current and retrospective multidisciplinary information from approximately 8,700 high-impact research journals from the Web of Science. He also worked as part of the quality control team for BIOSIS Previews, where he was required to write abstracts for scientific articles. Mr Wallace began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2009.