Dr Curtis’s PhD thesis was entitled “Neural Progenitor Cells in Huntington’s Disease Human Brain.” He is currently a Post-doctoral Research Fellow studying neurodegenerative disorders. Dr Curtis has authored many published reports in several leading international journals including the cover article for an issue of Science in 2007. He has given invited lectures in several countries, presenting topics associated with the field of neurology. Dr Curtis began editing for Edanz Editing in early 2006 and works in a very broad area of the biomedical sciences, applying his extensive knowledge of laboratory and imaging procedures.

From 1993 to 2006, Dr Helliwell held positions in several research organizations as a Research Fellow in the areas of Anatomy with Radiology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Molecular Endocrinology. Dr Helliwell is a highly regarded and well published (12 first authored reports and numerous abstracts) scientist in her field; as well she is an invited peer reviewer for many international journals. She has strong analytical skills that she brings to the editing of manuscripts for submission to peer-reviewed journals. She joined Edanz Editing in late 2006. Her fields of editing can best be described by the following areas of competence: basic molecular and cell biology techniques, in situ hybridization, cell and tissue culture, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and zymography, receptor autoradiography and receptor binding assays, mammalian neuroanatomy and neuroendocrinology.

Dr Devon is a biologist with a special interest in neuroscience and genetics. She is a graduate of the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, and obtained her PhD in 1996 from the University of Edinburgh, UK, in the genetics of psychiatric illness. She undertook post-doctoral research on a rare, inherited form of Motor Neurone Disease (Lou Gehrig's Disease) in Vancouver, Canada, and then started her own research group back in Edinburgh, UK, investigating the genetics, cell biology and biochemistry of motor neurone disease. She is a co-founder of the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research at the University of Edinburgh. Dr Devon has written over 50 research papers, book chapters, reviews and successful grant applications, and has peer-reviewed manuscripts for molecular biology journals. Dr Devon began working with Edanz Editing in 2008.

Dr Demarest received a BSc in Psychology and a PhD in Neurobiology and Behavior from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Her work has focused on the neuroscience and genetics of a behavioral mouse model. From her research she has authored several peer-reviewed papers. She is currently a staff scientist at the Scripps Research Institute. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2008.

Dr McGowan has won many awards during his career, including in 2003 the EU Marie Curie Post-doctoral Fellowship. He has worked in laboratories investigating the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease as well as those involved in Huntington’s disease, combining laser micro-dissection, microarray analysis and proteomics. Further study involved micro-array gene expression analysis of molecular processes occurring during normal aging and how these are affected by mental exercise. Dr McGowan has an in-depth knowledge of neurodegenerative diseases, neural function, marine zoology, molecular and cellular biology and protein biochemistry, along with extensive multi-disciplinary laboratory experience of contemporary and traditional techniques including proteomics, functional genomics and cell imaging. His excellent written and oral communication skills are demonstrated by several first author publications. From 2005 to October 2006, Dr McGowan was an Associate Editor at Nature Reviews Neuroscience before becoming a full-time editor for Edanz Editing. Dr McGowan is the Edanz Group Science Director.

Dr Allen is a biologist with particular experience in the fields of neuroscience, developmental biology and genetics. His PhD topic involved molecular genetic analysis of mouse mutations that affect limb development. From 1996 to 2004, Dr Allen was a researcher at the Department of Neurobiology, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK. Dr Allen’s research skills and techniques include DNA/RNA manipulation and purification/isolation, electrophoreses, PCR, cloning, all blottings, library screening, genetic mapping, design and construction of transgenes, artificial chromosome engineering, design and construction of vectors for gene targeting in ES cells, cell culture, histological techniques, mouse behavioral analysis, small animal surgery, and bioinformatic tools such as sequence databases and analysis tools. Dr Allen began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in fields associated with neuroscience and genetics in 2007.

Dr Knapp’s scientific background is in medicine cellular biology with particular emphasis on the analysis on pediatrics. Her PhD research focused on the role of various hormones in the growth-retarded fetus. From 2000 to 2003, Dr Knapp was awarded an American Heart Association, Florida Affiliate, Post-doctoral Fellowship. Dr Knapp has excellent writing skills and is a widely experienced editor of non-native English-speaking authored papers. Dr Knapp is presently a lecturer and Research Fellow in the Department of Physiology, Auckland University, New Zealand. She is currently carrying out research on the mechanisms of fetal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adaptation to asphyxia as well as investigating treatment options for perinatal asphyxia. Dr Knapp has been an editor for Edanz Editing since 2003.

Dr Clements has published 9 reports as first author in international peer-reviewed journals, such as Behavioral Neuroscience, General and Comparative Endocrinology, and Hormones and Behavior. He has written numerous professional reports and made over 25 presentations at congresses. Dr Clements has also undertaken crustacean research and established telemetry arrays and associated software. Some of his research techniques and skills involve steroid radio-immunoassay, plasma lactate and glucose and ion determination, histology, and mRNA/DNA extraction and purification. Dr Clements began editing for Edanz Editing in 2007 in areas associated with the biological sciences, especially the fisheries fields.

Dr Donkin's PhD thesis was entitled "The Effects of the Neuropeptide Substance P on Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats". His research interests include developing novel pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of neurotrauma and neurodegeneration using rodent animal models. He has completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of British Columbia, Canada, investigating potential prophylactic and therapeutic compounds in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Dr Donkin has published several peer-reviewed journal articles and currently works as a scientific writer. Dr Donkin joined the Edanz Group as a science editor, writer and reviewer in 2011.

After obtaining a BA and PhD in zoology from the University of Oxford, Dr Prosser joined the Medicine Publishing Company, Abingdon, UK, (now part of Elsevier Health Sciences) as a Staff Editor of medical educational publications. In 1998, she became Managing Editor of the journal Medicine, a position she held until 2006, when she began as a freelance science and medical writer and manuscript editor. Dr Prosser, an accomplished and highly experienced biomedical and health sciences editor and writer, began working with Edanz Group in 2006.

Dr Lodge is a cell biologist with wide-ranging experience in academic research, early stage drug discovery, and stem cell therapy regulatory affairs. For his PhD and postdoctoral work, Dr Lodge studied the roles of the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules in axon guidance during nervous system development. Dr Lodge joined GlaxoSmithKline in 2001, where he held research and programme leadership roles within target validation initiatives for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. He was also involved in developing drug discovery strategies involving stem cells. From 2009 to 2011, Dr Lodge was Programme Manager for a stem cell therapy unit at University College London, where he was responsible for the unit obtaining the necessary licenses required by the recently introduced Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) directive. His technical expertise covers a broad spectrum of cell biology, molecular biology and protein biochemistry techniques, including their application to drug discovery assay development. Dr Lodge has published several first author publications in international peer-reviewed journals, and he is experienced in writing a variety of pre-clinical and clinical regulatory documents. Dr Lodge currently offers consulting services in cell-based drug discovery, ATMP regulatory affairs, and scientific writing (including web development). He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2008.

Warren Raye graduated from Murdoch University in 2005 with a PhD in Veterinary Virology. His doctoral thesis was entitled "An investigation into the status of porcine circovirus in Australia". Dr Raye is an experienced researcher and lecturer, at undergraduate and post-graduate levels. He was formerly employed by Monash University as a Research Fellow and Lecturer in the fast-changing field of stem cell biology. Dr Raye has also conducted independent research in the areas of molecular virology, inflammation biology and molecular biology. His former work at Monash University involved creating embryonic stem cell lines with various reporter systems for use in small molecule drug screening assays. Other skills and techniques he possesses include mammalian and insect cell culture; growth and differentiation of embryonic stem cell cultures; purification of viruses; PCR; cloning; DNA sequencing and analysis; DNA/RNA manipulation and isolation; expression and purification of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems; electrophoresis; development and optimization of ELISAs; design and construction of recombinant viruses for eukaryotic protein expression; in situ hybridization; monoclonal antibody production; and live cell calcium imaging. Dr Raye began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in early 2009, before moving to Fukuoka and taking up the position of Senior Life Sciences Editor in November 2010. As well as editing, Dr Raye also gives training and education seminars for non-native speaking authors to improve their manuscript writing.

Dr Shoemaker's scientific background is in pharmacology and toxicology with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine disorders and gastroenterology. For her PhD, she investigated and published on the involvement of the second cannabinoid receptor (CB2) in the pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. For her post-doctoral fellowship at Emory University, she studied the pathophysiology of enteric axons during the early stages of diabetes. Dr Shoemaker is an experienced editor and began working for the Edanz Group in early 2009.

Dr Cant has been a Research Fellow (Pharmacology) at the University of Edinburgh and a Research Assistant at the University of London and the University of Oxford, as well as a Lecturer in Physiology at the University of Aberdeen where she also established an electrophysiology laboratory for investigation of drug effects on electrical activity in isolated mammalian cardiac ventricular cells. Dr Cant also has extensive writing and editing experience, having edited papers in biological and physical sciences for the European Community CORDIS Results and Publications databases, as well as for the BEST (British Expertise in Science and Technology) database and its sister database in the US. Dr Cant was a medical editor/database indexer for Thomson Scientific for a number of years and has a wide knowledge of various areas including cardiovascular disease, gastroenterology, neuroscience, epidemiology, pharmacology and physiology.

Dr Davies is a biologist with particular expertise in the areas of neuroscience, oncology, and chromatin structure and gene expression. Dr Davies has held Postdoctoral Fellow positions at a number of institutes including the François Magendie Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France, and the Children’s Cancer Institute Australia. During his PhD, he examined chromatin structure and cisplatin damage at the human beta-globin gene cluster. Dr Davies has been a regular reviewer for several international journals and has edited numerous manuscripts written by both native and non-native English speakers. He has a number of first-author publications in journals such as Nucleic Acids Research and The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Dr Davies has experience in a wide variety of laboratory techniques, including acute and organotypic culture, adenovirus manipulation, lentivirus manipulation and transduction of brain slices and cultured neuronal cells, fluorescent and confocal microscopy, cell microinjection, in vivo mouse models, western blot, electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay, PCR (most varieties), cloning and bacterial plasmid production. Dr Davies began working as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2006.

Dr Kuhn has extensive experience as a research scientist and is well published as a first author. She began as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2007 and edits in fields associated with neuroscience, physiology, brain rehabilitation/repair, postnatal and adult neurogenesis, memory, learning, neurodegenerative disease, stem cells, molecular biology, including PCR, cloning, subcloning, subtractive hybridization, plasmid preparation/purification, cDNA, RNA, and genomic DNA purification. She also has working experience with all associated laboratory tests and skills necessary for that environment.

Dr Patel is a neuroscientist interested in central nervous system degeneration and mental illness. For his doctoral thesis he developed a mouse gene-knockout model for the human neurological disorder aceruloplasminemia. Subsequently, as a research fellow at the Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School he studied the molecular signaling cascades involved in nerve cell migration. Dr Patel has recently focused his research on the molecular genetics of psychiatric illness as an associate at the Douglas Mental Health Institute in Montreal. His studies center on microRNA signaling networks involved in major depression and suicide. Dr Patel has published a number of first-author articles in high-impact journals, including The Journal of Biological Chemistry and The Journal of Neuroscience. He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Diwakarla’s PhD thesis involved the use of primary cerebellar granule cell cultures to monitor changes in mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis after apoptotic injury (excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and trophic factor withdrawal). Her project examined the cellular responses of neurons to a range of insults focusing largely on the activation/recruitment of apoptotic proteins involved both upstream and downstream of the apoptotic pathway. Currently, Dr Diwakarla, who was born in Australia, is a post-doctoral scientist in the Neuropeptides Laboratory at the Florey Neuroscience Institutes were she is monitoring neurogenesis during fetal development and determining the signaling pathways involved in memory formation. She is also contributing to the investigation of neuroprotection in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic damage. She began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr J. Ludovic Croxford is a multi-disciplinary immunologist with research experience in a wide range of fields, especially neuroimmunology, autoimmunity and oncology. His PhD research demonstrated the potential use of cytokine gene therapy for the treatment of animal models of autoimmune disease, and his post-doctoral research focused on the mechanisms of viral molecular mimicry to induce autoimmunity. Dr Croxford next studied the role of a novel NKT cell in a multiple sclerosis model at the National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Following this he studied the mechanisms of immune-mediated tumor suppression for leukemia. Dr Croxford has published over 40 peer-reviewed papers, reviews and book chapters in journals including Nature, Nature Immunology and Nature Medicine. Dr Croxford joined the Edanz Group as an editor in December 2011.

Dr Nana's PhD research focused on the pattern of cell loss in the human cerebral cortex in Huntington's disease. Dr Nana has experience in human tissue studies with skills in human brain banking, cellular studies of human tissue (histology and immunohistochemistry), molecular biology (western blotting and in-situ hybridization), microscopy (brightfield, fluorescence and confocal) and quantitative analysis (stereology and morphometric analyses). Her research focus is neurodegeneration and she is currently a post-doctoral research fellow. Dr Nana has published in peer-reviewed journals and has presented at many international conferences. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Lutze's graduate work was in vision science. Her studies involved the assessment of changes in color vision with disease and the genetic basis of color vision. She worked alongside ophthalmologists during post-doctoral training and has experience with ophthalmological clinical activities and research. She later worked with an ophthalmologist studying diabetic retinopathy and other retinal diseases. Dr Lutze works as a language editor for a gastroenterology journal based in Beijing, China, and began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Mr Knight’s Master’s research focused on the neuronal adaptation underlying a visual illusion. He has extensive experience with cognitive neuroscience research paradigms, brain-imaging techniques (including electroencephalography; EEG, and functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI), data analysis, and experimental design in neuroscience, cognitive, perceptual and behavioural science. At the University of Auckland, he tutored undergraduate general psychology, neuroanatomy, cognitive and perceptual psychology, and biopsychology courses. Mr Knight studied as a Commonwealth Scholar at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, undertaking research involving evolutionary and comparative psychology, zoology, anthropology, developmental psychology, animal behaviour and human ecology. In 2008, Mr Knight was employed by the University of Otago as an editor and writer of research papers from 11 years of collected data in biology, zoology, climatology, marine systems and ecology. Mr Knight’s research has been presented at several international conferences, and he has published peer-reviewed papers in psychology, zoology and ecology. Mr Knight began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in early 2009.

Dr McAlpine's PhD research focused on the effects of inflammation, specifically Tumor Necrosis Factor, on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This research focused mainly on Alzheimer's disease, with some work on Parkinson's disease. She made extensive use of rodent models of these diseases, and administered both drugs and gene therapy vectors to the brains of affected animals. She has published both primary research articles and reviews on this topic. After her PhD, Dr McAlpine completed a postdoctoral fellowship studying autophagy in the UK. Dr McAlpine joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Morris’s scientific background is oncology with an emphasis on radiobiology, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. During the period that he worked as a scientist and principal investigator at the University of Oxford, the focus of Dr Morris’s research was on the development of new drugs and novel forms of radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer. More recently, Dr Morris has worked as a medical writer and scientist in the biotechnology industry. Therapeutic areas that he has been involved with include oncology, infectious diseases, age-related macular degeneration and obesity. Dr Morris has visiting scientist status at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in the US. Dr Morris has written over 50 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. Dr Morris began working with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Roth has published articles on T cell biology, the molecular mechanisms of gene rearrangement, hematopoeisis, developmental biology, neurobiology, and nuclear receptor biology. He has extensive experience with transgeneic animal models, developing genomic and proteomic based technologies, and applying gene and protein expression profiling methods to diseases and therapeutic areas, including diabetes, obesity, blood disorders, and oncology. He is a co-author on 13 publications in high impact journals, and the co-inventor on five issued patents. He has consulted with leading biopharmaceutical, medical device, and life science companies on new platform technologies and product development. As an adjunct professor at Quinnipiac University, he taught an undergraduate online biology course for several years. He received an American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship while at Northwestern University, and studied developmental neurobiology at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Dr Roth began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in 2010.

Dr Bijur's work is on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and investigations into brain metabolic functions. Dr Bijur has extensive experience in the areas of psychiatry, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, and in oncogenesis and carcinogenesis. He has thorough understandings of cell culture techniques, molecular biology techniques, and rodent animal models. His personal research has been funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression. Dr Bijur has authored over 32 peer-reviewed publications, and has presented at numerous scientific conferences including the Society for Neuroscience and the American Association for Cancer Research, among others. He also serves as a reviewer for several biomedical journals and granting agencies. Dr Bijur joined the Edanz Group as an editor and medical writer in 2010.

Dr Taylor has been a lecturer in zoology, comparative physiology, and cell biology at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, since 1972. His interests span all physiological systems across a variety of taxa, including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, insects and spiders. Research themes include: Gas exchange and oxygen transport; morphology and hemodynamics of gills and circulatory systems; osmoregulation, acid-base balance and excretion; adaptation to marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments; the physiology of eggs and embryos and fertilization; stress associated with fishing, aquaculture and live transport; and eco-toxicity of heavy metals. Dr Taylor is experienced in a range of instrumentation and analyses including: microscopy (DIC, fluorescence, TEM, SEM, X-ray microprobe); corrosion casting; respirometry; blood gas and acid-base status; osmotic, ionic, and metabolite concentrations of body fluids and waters; atomic absorption spectroscopy; radioactive tracers, viscometry; blood pressure and flow (pulsed Doppler); heart and ventilation rates; and electrophysiology. Dr Taylor’s research group has published numerous articles in the principal international journals of his field. He has served on the advisory board of journals and book series, is a reviewer for about 20 international journals, and is a member of several national and international scientific societies. Dr Taylor began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Dean’s PhD thesis was titled “Endogenous Neural Excitation and Inhibition and the Evolution of Preterm Brain Injury.” Dr Dean is presently a post-doctoral research fellow in fields related to neuroscience. He has experience in large animal and fetal surgery techniques, including catheter and electrode placement and animal post-mortem and dissections, as well as in stereotaxic placement of microdialysis and laser Doppler probes. In electrophysiology, Dr Dean is skilled in the instrumentation, recording, and analysis of electrophysiological data in vivo, including cortical EEG spike wave and seizure activity, cerebral impedance, cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), cerebral laser Doppler, temperature, ECG, EMG, blood pressure, ultrasonic blood flow measurement, and fetal breathing movements. He possesses training in systems physiology, as well as an understanding of the complex and unique cardiovascular and central nervous system responses. In molecular fields, Dr Dean covers the various blot analysis techniques, primer design and sequence analysis, mRNA and protein extractions, RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis. Histology including staining and analysis of brain tissue and imaging and the associated laboratory skills are all areas in which Dr Dean has experience. Dr Dean began as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2007, and works in fields related to chemistry and neuroscience.

Dr Barrett’s PhD thesis was entitled “Therapeutic hypothermia and its effects on the preterm fetal sheep”. His post-doctoral research focuses on fetal physiology and neuroscience. Dr Barrett has experience in large animal and fetal surgery techniques, including catheter and electrode placement and animal post-mortem dissections. Dr Barrett is also skilled in analysis of electrophysiological data in vivo, including EEG seizure activity; temperature, ECG, EMG, blood pressure and blood flow. He has training in systems physiology, as well as an understanding of the complex and unique cardiovascular and central nervous system responses. Dr Barrett’s histology skills include, stereological staining and analysis of brain tissue, and associated microscope skills. Dr Barrett has published papers in peer reviewed journals, co-authored a book chapter and presented at national and international congresses. Dr Barrett began work as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Noyes obtained both her BS in Zoology and her Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine from Michigan State University, and is currently an internship-trained small animal practitioner. She has research experience in animal behavior, farm animal welfare science and the human-animal bond. Dr Noyes received additional training in zoological medicine at several major US zoos. She has published in journals such as the Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery and the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. She is a member of the AVMA Committee on the Human-Animal Bond. Dr Noyes began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010

Dr Williams’ PhD investigated the role of non-viral delivery in gene therapy. She then spent three years working as a postdoctoral researcher on the gene regulation of cystic fibrosis. Dr Williams’ main areas of expertise are genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, plant sciences, medicine, surgery, microbiology and biotechnology. Dr Williams has published several first-author articles in peer-ranking journals and presented her work at international conferences. She has also been a finalist in the (UK) Young Science Writer of the Year award with a report on the role of a speech and language gene in the evolution of humans. Dr Williams joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2012.

Following the completion of her PhD in biochemistry, Dr Bell was a post-doctoral fellow in the department of Medical Biochemistry at Gothenburg University, Sweden, and then in the department of Behavioural Neuroscience at OHSU, USA. Her postgraduate research focused on the isolation, regulation, action and biological effects of constitutively active MAPK molecules in a eukaryotic yeast model with reference to mammalian MAPKs. Her first post-doctoral post investigated the regulation of the transcription factor FoxC2 and the role of the PKA regulatory subunit RIIβ in adipocyte metabolism. This research had direct relevance to obesity and Type II diabetes. Following this research she then moved into the field of biochemical neuroscience, studying the signaling pathway of the D2 dopamine receptor in relation to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and MAPK in primary neuronal cultures and in vivo. Throughout her career Dr Bell gained experience with a wide range of molecular biology techniques including genetic manipulation, yeast and mammalian cell culturing, animal breeding and dissection, DNA and mRNA analysis, molecular staining, imaging and protein biochemistry. Dr Bell has published 6 peer-reviewed papers, 3 as first author. Dr Bell also holds a patent related to her development of constitutively active MAPKs. Her current interests include the fields of scientific communication and education. Dr Bell joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Dr Zagami's scientific research has focused on the study of the normal development and function of the nervous system and the aberrant processes underlying neurological diseases. Her early studies involved the development of an organotypic spinal cord slice culture model of the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Dr Zagami's PhD studies examined the roles of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, two processes implicated in ALS, on glutamate transporter function and cell death. Particular attention was focused on astrocytes and their role in regulating glutamate transporters, as well the effect of these mechanisms on motor neurons. Dr Zagami’s postdoctoral work at the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada, aimed to gain a better understanding of the development of certain brainstem neuronal populations by focusing on a protein with an important role in neuronal subtype specification and axon targeting in other areas of the nervous system. Dr Zagami joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Tinsley completed his PhD at the School of Medicine at Flinders University of South Australia. His thesis title was "Non-Viral Glial Cell Transfection: A Therapeutic Strategy for CNS Regeneration." His post-doctoral training was in the neural stem cell laboratory of Prof Peter Eriksson, the first to demonstrate neurogenesis in the adult human brain. Dr Tinsley returned to Australia to work at the Howard Florey Institute, investigating models and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. He has over ten years experience in medical research, and has published widely in leading journals in his field, including Annals of Neurology. Dr Tinsley began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2011

Currently, Dr Werry is at Queen Mary University of London studying dentistry. Prior to this, he worked for GlaxoSmithKline Ltd in the Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery in Harlow, UK. Dr Werry studied G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology and cellular signaling as part of his PhD in a thesis entitled "The effects of crosstalk on GPCR-mediated calcium signaling pathways". He has also worked in one of the premier pharmacology labs in the world with Prof Arthur Christopoulos at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, studying cellular signaling by variants of the serotonin 5HT2C receptor and the pharmacology and cell biology of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Dr Werry's work has produced numerous publications including original research papers and authoritative reviews on calcium and ERK signaling and 5HT2C receptor RNA editing. His areas of expertise include pharmacology, neuroscience, G protein-coupled receptors, and cellular signaling. Dr Werry began working with the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010.

Dr Lai qualified in medicine and underwent training in internal medicine, followed by specialization in oncology. Dr Lai was later responsible for clinical research programs of novel signal disrupting agents for solid tumors and hematological malignancies at a global pharmaceutical company. He has extensive experience in the process of drug development, from phase 1 dose-escalation studies to large-scale, phase 3 randomized controlled trials and post-marketing surveys. In addition, he is also experienced in regulatory and health economic issues related to pharmaceutical products. Dr Lai is an experienced editor and began editing for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Byrne’s PhD studies in neuroanatomy and neuropharmacology have centered on the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. In her research she investigated the expression and activity of the pro-oxidant enzyme, myeloperoxidase, in post-mortem human brain tissue and in cellular models of neurofibrillary pathology. She has published two papers in international peer-reviewed journals and is currently a teaching fellow in human biology at the University of Otago, New Zealand. She began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Dawes’ PhD focused on neuroprotective drugs and their effects on retinal ischemia. Before undertaking her PhD, Dr Dawes spent 15 years as a senior research assistant at the National Institute for Medical Research, London, studying neuronal plasticity in the amphibian visual system. Dr Dawes’ then began research at St Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School, London, studying the effects of dietary antioxidants on lipid peroxide formation in animal tissue after whole body irradiation. She has been an author on 15 peer reviewed papers and has given presentations at national and international scientific meetings. Dr Dawes’ experience has covered techniques in radiation biology, biochemistry, anatomy, histology, neurophysiology and neuropharmacology. Concurrent with her research, for 38 years Dr Dawes has been an assistant lecturer at the Open University, UK, teaching neurobiology, psychology and foundation sciences. Dr Dawes now works between the UK and China, and began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Ms Malapetsas is a medical and scientific editor/writer with experience in the development of content in the various areas in the life sciences for both medical research institutes and pharmaceutical advertising agencies. Initially a research assistant in a cancer research laboratory at the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research in Montreal, Canada, she performed molecular and cellular biology experiments—including mRNA, DNA, and protein extraction and purification, Northern and Western blots, RT-PCR, cellular transport, primary tissue culture, and various drug efficacy studies. She also developed laboratory documents for submission to journals and funding agencies. Ms Malapetsas then worked in pharmaceutical advertising, where for eight years she undertook proofreading, copyediting, and fact-checking, and wrote medical education programs delivering on-label drug information to physicians and healthcare professionals. Ms Malapetsas also has extensive experience as a freelance medical and scientific editor/writer for research laboratories and corporate entities. Ms Malapetsas began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Takemoto is a Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry at Kansas State University, where she has taught and conducted research for 32 years. Her research on the role of ischemia in lens and retinal diseases is funded through the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Areas of expertise include biochemistry, molecular biology, protein chemistry, cell signaling, metabolism, eye and neural disorders, pharmacology, biology and enzymology. Dr Takemoto has reviewed for numerous journals, including the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Current Eye Research, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Biochemistry. She also served, for eight years, on the Small Business: Visual Systems Study Section for the National Institutes of Health, where she reviewed both SBIR and STTR grant proposals. Dr. Takemoto has published over 100 peer-reviewed works, including book chapters, original works and a textbook and lab manual for non-science majors. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr James’ PhD thesis, and initial postdoctoral work, was on the characterization of DISC1, a susceptibility gene for psychiatric illness. Subsequent postdoctoral research focused on acute brain injury and the mitochondrial response in a transgenic mouse model. Dr James understands brain biology with a particular interest in psychiatric illness, neurodegenerative disease, genetics and cellular biology. She has multi-disciplinary laboratory expertise in a number of techniques, covering protein biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, histology and microscopy. Dr James has experience of human tissue studies, as well as transgenic animal models and cell culture systems, including embryonic stem cells. From her research she has co-authored several peer-reviewed papers, including a Science paper, which was cited as one of the top ten breakthroughs of 2005. Dr James joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Ms Igelstrom currently works as an electrophysiologist at the University of Otago. She has a background in biochemistry and physiology, and is now specializing in neuroscience. Her PhD research focused on brain slice models of epileptic seizures, and she is currently investigating ion channel modulators for antiepileptic drug treatment. She has experience with a variety of electrophysiological techniques, including whole-cell voltage/current clamp, cell-attached tight-seal current clamp, field potential recording, and single-unit recording. Her past and current research interests include behavioral reward conditioning, olfactory processing, non-synaptic neurotransmission, epileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs, and antidepressant drugs. Ms Igelstrom also has a special interest in the physiological effects of alternative and complementary therapies, such as Chinese medicine and yoga. Apart from her electrophysiological skills, Ms Igelstrom also has experience with cell culture, western blotting, microscopy, behavioral rat training, and immunohistochemistry. Ms Igelstrom joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Kam’s PhD studies focused on the identification and characterization of neural stem cells in the adult human brain. Her thesis entitled ‘The rostral migratory stream in the normal adult human brain’ and her other studies have resulted in several journal publications including an article in Science in 2007. Currently, Dr Kam is a senior tutor in the Department of Physiology, University of Auckland. She began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Schade-Bijur’s PhD focused on identifying the promoter region of a neuronal sodium channel in the human brain. Dr Schade-Bijur’s work from these studies has been presented at an international Society of Neuroscience meeting and published in peer-reviewed journals. She is highly skilled in molecular biology techniques, such as cloning, mRNA, DNA and protein extraction, RT-PCR, blotting, sequencing and gel electrophoresis. For seven years Dr Schade-Bijur worked in a biotechnology company that focused on a radioactive peptide as targeted therapy for neuro-oncology. As a scientist and the Senior Manager for Manufacturing, Dr Schade-Bijur performed histology experiments for various tissues, including using a microtome for tissue slice preparation, and oocyte extraction and electrophysiology on a glioma chloride channel. Dr Schade-Bijur was also in charge of the clinical pharmacy and was part of the clinical team writing grants and regulatory documents. From this research she published two more peer-reviewed papers, including a clinical trial paper. As a freelance writer, Dr Schade-Bijur has written in the areas of health economics, medical education regarding cancer angiogenesis and over 50 technical bulletins about lipid products. Dr Schade-Bijur has a particularly broad science and writing background. She joined the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010, specializing in the fields of neuroscience and oncology.

Dr Anderson’s PhD research focused on the effects of manganese toxicity and iron deficiency on the biology of the neurotransmitters GABA and norepinephrine. He is currently a postdoctoral research fellow at the Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies at the University of Virginia. His research interests include the use of dietary and mind-body therapies for the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Dr Anderson has experience in basic science in addition to his current clinical research. Before his PhD, he was the laboratory manager of two cancer research labs at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Dr Anderson has expertise in various in vitro techniques, including cellular studies, molecular biology (western blotting, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry), microscopy (brightfield and fluorescence), microbiology, and analytical chemistry, as well as in vivo work with mouse and rat models including stereotaxic surgery and microdialysis. Dr Anderson has over a dozen publications in peer-reviewed journals, as well as book chapters, and has presented at national and international conferences. He joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Eve McCutchen Vick's research has included studies of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, degeneration of hippocampal cholinergic innervation, and modulation of neuronal signaling by neurotrophic factors. Her expertise includes learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, hippocampal physiology and intracellular signaling, cholinergic and adrenergic receptors, electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry. Dr Vick is well published in high-ranking journals, and has edited manuscripts across a variety of subject areas, including neuroscience, pharmacology, toxicology, and cardiology. She has also taught undergraduate courses in both Psychology and Anatomy and Physiology at several institutions in the US. Dr Vick joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Cleary is a biomedical scientist with a special interest in cancer research and chronic disease. Her doctoral thesis was entitled “From chromaffin cells to phaeochromocytoma: insight into the sympathoadrenal lineage”. Dr Cleary was a Post Doctoral Fellow with the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NIH), where she was the lead researcher on a project investigating novel strategies for the treatment of metastatic kidney disease. Dr Cleary has an extensive history of research in cancer tumor biology and an interest in the developmental origins of cancer, especially those related to mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau gene. Dr Cleary has an interest in health policy and was a Fellow with the Fogarty International Center at the NIH. During this time she was involved in a number of global health policy projects. Dr Cleary has published a number of articles in peer-reviewed journals in addition to other science writing for a non-technical audience. Dr Cleary began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Steen’s experience is related to anything to do with the brain; from human behavior to molecular biology and everything in between. He has done brain imaging research, using MRI to study pediatric stroke (particularly hematologic and genetic risk factors for stroke). Dr Steen has held Associate Professor positions in Psychiatry, as well as in Radiology, Pediatrics, and Biomedical Engineering. He has published 80 papers in refereed scientific literature, as well as 6 books and many book chapters. His specialties are brain imaging and clinical neurology, but Dr Steen has also written in the fields of epidemiology, genetics, exercise physiology, psychology, allergy, cardiology, sleep medicine, pulmonology, orthopedics, research ethics, and even invertebrate zoology. Dr Steen joined the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010.

Dr Price's training is as a pharmacologist, with specific emphasis on molecular pharmacology, signal transduction, and neuroscience. His research includes extensive work on immunophilins, a class of compounds that promote nerve regeneration. He has worked in both pharmaceutical and small biotechnology companies in Japan, the US, and Europe. He has published over 20 research articles, including an invited review. Over the past seven years, Dr Price has edited/co-written over 1100 scientific publications, presentations, and regulatory documents. Dr Price began as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Murnane is a biologist with particular experience in neuroscience and pharmacology. His PhD dissertation topic was an examination of the in vivo pharmacology of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”). Dr Murnane is currently a post doctoral fellow at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, the United States. He has received numerous prestigious honors and awards for his research. Dr Murnane is a member of the Society for Neuroscience, the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, and the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. His present research interests include studying the in vivo effects of psychostimulants using behavioral pharmacology, neurochemistry, and neuroimaging techniques. Dr Murnane also has significant experience in the fields of addiction, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, cognition, comparative psychology, and animal behavior. In 2010 he joined Edanz Group, where he applies his research background and expertise as a writer and editor to assist clients achieve their publication goals.

Dr Juren has extensive experience in research and editing in the biological science fields. She is currently the editor of the Canadian Contemporary Acupuncture Association’s quarterly publication “The AcuPoint.” During her undergraduate degree, Dr Juren worked with rats to publish behavioral neuroscience research. Dr Juren continued to perform research into human biomechanics and multiple sclerosis in chiropractic college, and graduated Summa Cum Laude as the valedictorian of her class. She is currently a practicing sports physician in Connecticut. Dr Juren joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010 and works on papers related to human biology, kinesiology, and neuroscience.

Ms James is currently in the final year of her PhD in Psychological Research in the departments of Psychology at the University of Cape Town and Clinical Neuroscience at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town. Her research focuses on Alzheimer's disease and risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly; covering the areas of cognition, psychosocial factors, neuroimaging and biomarkers. She is also currently completing her clinical training as a Neuropsychologist at Groote Schuur Hospital. Her particular interests are in the emerging fields of neuropsychology and gerontology. Ms James is also a university tutor for statistics and clinical psychology courses. She has presented parts of her research at local and international conferences and has published a paper in a set of conference proceedings. Ms James joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2012.

Dr Aprico's doctoral thesis was "[3H]4-methylglutamate as a novel radioligand for the brain glutamate transporters." From 2003 to 2005, Dr Aprico held a post-doctoral position at Arvid Carlsson Institute, Göteborg, Sweden, working with Dr Michael Nilsson, investigating in vitro models of reactive astrogliosis. Since 2005, Dr Aprico has been a university lecturer in pharmacology and physiology, but returned to university to obtain her medical degree in mid-2009. Dr Aprico began as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Mr Forster worked as a research assistant at the Max Planck Institute for Immunogenetics in Tübingen, Germany, before leaving to work as a freelance translator and copy editor of medical books and journals, primarily for Springer Verlag. He became an in-house editor with Springer in Heidelberg before moving to Tokyo to work in Springer's Tokyo office. For the past 20 years, Stephen has worked mostly in journalism and as a freelance writer and editor for such journal publishers. Mr Forster joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Dr Hill is a biologist who focuses on the genetics of mammalian neural development. In his research, Dr Hill uses human genetics to identify genes required for cerebral cortical development, and mouse genetics, biochemistry, microscopy, RNAi and in utero electroporation to determine the functions of those genes. He has published his research in both clinical and basic research journals. Dr Hill joined the Edanz Group in 2011.

Ms Koke is presently in the Psychology and Neuroscience PhD program at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A. Her research interests include the neurological mechanisms of time and rhythm perception, motor rhythm synchronization and therapeutic brain stimulation. Previously, Ms. Koke worked as a research associate at the University of Calgary in the Behavioural Neuroscience Research Group and then as a member of the Hotchkiss Brain Institute in various research labs; studies included epilepsy, circadian rhythms, learning and memory, and therapeutic brain stimulation. She has experience with behavioral training and stereotaxic surgery in both rodent and primate models. Ms Koke has 5 years of research experience in the fields of behavioral neuroscience and clinical neuroscience; publishing two papers in international peer-reviewed journals. Ms Koke joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Mr Granville's research has included work on the expression of immediate early genes in the rat hippocampus, and involved extensive use of primer design and sequence analysis, gel electrophoresis, and quantitative PCR. He has also studied Science Communication specializing in non-fiction writing, and has studied the history and philosophy of science over a wide range of disciplines including psychology, neuroscience, pharmacology, biochemistry, and molecular and cell biology, focusing on developments from the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. He joined Edanz Group in 2010 as a science editor and writer.

Dr Daniel’s PhD thesis was entitled “Molecular Characterization of the Hsp70/Hsp90 Organizing Protein (Hop): Phosphorylation, Subcellular Localization and Interaction with Hsp90.” Dr Daniel is familiar with all standard laboratory and research techniques including molecular biological techniques, organ culture, tissue culture of immortalized cell lines (mammalian), recombinant production and purification of heterologous proteins, recombinant DNA manipulation, confocal fluorescent microscopy, transient transfection of mammalian cells, site directed mutagenesis, one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, assay techniques, Western blot analysis and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and thin layer and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dr Daniel began as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Ms Kardashyan's honors project was “Neuronal apoptosis and mitochondrial function in striatal GABAergic neurons: mechanistic insights into Huntington’s disease.” From 2005 to 2008, she was a research assistant at the Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, where she investigated the effects of preconditioning with hypoxia and hypoxia-mimetic compounds in neonatal rat brain with hypoxic-ischemic injury. She has also worked in the field of neurogenesis. Ms Kardashyan began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Mr Art Riddle has over 10 years of experience in neuroscience research and writing and is currently in the final stages of his MD/PhD. His research has focused on neuro-development and mechanisms of neurological injury. He has performed studies on neurotoxicology and experience-dependent plasticity in the developing rodent. For his doctoral research Mr Riddle is studying glial injury in small and preclinical animal models of hypoxic-ischemic preterm brain injury. In his studies he has become technically proficient in immunohistochemistry, slice culture, primary-cell culture, immunoblotting, protein purification, animal surgery, animal physiology, blood flow measurement, light/fluorescence/confocal microscopy, medical imaging and high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Mr Riddle is trained as a clinician and is familiar with human anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology and epidemiology. He has written numerous peer-reviewed articles published in the Journal of Neuroscience, Journal of Child Neurology, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, and Stroke. He also has experience as a scientific writer in a range of topics including cerebral palsy, neurodegeneration, neurotoxicology, gliosis and cerebral blood flow. Art Riddle began working with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Mr Wallace’s background is in biochemistry and genetics. Later he focused on biomedical science/bioengineering, in particular nerve regeneration in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. His PhD focuses on tissue engineering for spinal cord injury and combines the use of novel nerve guides as cell carriers for the promotion of axonal regeneration. This project also looks at optimal cell isolation protocols for neural stem cells and optimization of nerve conduits using hydrogels. He is experienced in tissue extraction and cell culture, viral transduction, electrospinning, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, freeze-dry processing of scaffolds, collagen isolation, RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE, Southern blotting and histology. He has also worked as a Scientific Information Specialist for Thomson Scientific & Healthcare during 2004–2006. In this position he was responsible for analyzing and extracting information from life science and biomedical articles to allow for seamless access to current and retrospective multidisciplinary information from approximately 8,700 high-impact research journals from the Web of Science. He also worked as part of the quality control team for BIOSIS Previews, where he was required to write abstracts for scientific articles. Mr Wallace began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2009.