The author’s original text has low readability and is written in a style not consistent with native English usage. Thus extensive correction is needed by the editor to eliminate jargon, smooth language, and to improve readability and the flow of information. Substantive editing involves some or all of the following work by the editor:

• All the types of editing correction done for copyediting.
• The editor, at a sentence level, will have clarified and/or reorganized the text for language, correct sentence construction, and clarity of meaning.
• For readability, the editor will have ensured correct word choice and native English language expression throughout the manuscript.
• The editor will have reorganized text in paragraphs or sections to ensure facts and arguments are logically presented.
• Revised all aspects of the text to improve its presentation.