Two Levels of Editing

Our System

Edanz fees are based on how much work was necessary to bring the language of the manuscript up to the level of English required by journals. The amount of editing work required is a reflection of the quality of the English used by the author of the manuscript. When you submit a manuscript to Edanz, we guarantee that after we have completed editing, it will reach the level of English needed for submission to peer review.

Edanz decides the Editing Level AFTER editing is complete

When you send us a manuscript, we will give you a quote showing the minimum and maximum fee for editing it. After your manuscript has been edited, Edanz will assess the amount of editing that was required to bring the manuscript to an acceptable level of English. Most manuscripts (>90%) are Copyedit level, while those that require a large amount of editing are charged at the higher Substantive level. Note that there may be elements of both editing levels in a single manuscript, but we take the overall level into account when assessing the fee.

Copyedit

Your manuscript is in the correct format and in a language style reasonably consistent with native-English usage. Thus the editor only has to edit to ensure overall clarity and sense for improved readability. Copyediting includes any or all of the following:

• Correcting grammar, punctuation, syntax, and word usage while preserving the meaning and voice of the original text.

• Correcting any spelling errors and ensuring consistent British or US spelling.

• Keeping to conventions e.g., regarding use of numbers, italics.

• Cross-checking that references, figures and tables are consistent with their mention in the text.

• Checking for and pointing out any apparent errors or inconsistencies of facts.

Substantive Edit

The manuscript has low readability and is written in a style not consistent with native-English usage. Thus the editor has to make extensive correction to eliminate jargon, smooth language, and to improve readability and the flow of information. Substantive editing involves some or all of the following work by the editor:

• All the types of editing correction done for copyediting.

• Clarifying and/or reorganizing the text for language, correct sentence construction, and clarity of meaning.

• Ensuring correct word choice and native-English language expression throughout the manuscript to increase readability.

• Reorganizing text in paragraphs or sections to ensure facts and arguments are logically presented.

• Revising all aspects of the text to improve its presentation.