Mr MacDonald is an experienced information scientist in the electronic and electrical engineering field. Following post-graduate research in optical fiber laser gyroscopes, he worked for Thomson Scientific from 1994 to 2007 as an indexer and abstractor of academic and scientific papers for the Inspec database, specializing in electronics, optoelectronics and semiconductor electronics, and later telecommunications. He then worked in a patent analyst role for Thomson, providing content for the Derwent World Patent Index, covering electronic materials and manufacturing, semiconductor devices and circuits and their manufacture, and electronic display technology including liquid crystal and electroluminescent displays. He began working as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2008.