Dr Sherwin’s scientific background is in biochemistry with an emphasis on osteoarthritis, tissue engineering and cell culture. She has wide experience in both cell and molecular biology techniques. Dr Sherwin has excellent writing skills and has published several peer-reviewed journal articles and scientific reports as both lead author and supporting author during her post-doctoral work in the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Dr Sherwin has been a full-time editor with Edanz Editing since 2002. During that time, she has edited over 3000 manuscripts in the Health and Life Sciences for Japanese and Chinese authors, with a wide range of research fields and target journals.

Dr Cummins teaches Anatomy, Human Biology and Reproductive Biotechnology at Murdoch University in Western Australia. He has extensive experience in reproductive biology and assisted conception techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). He sits on the editorial board of several top journals, including Human Reproduction and Reproductive Biotechnology Online, and chairs the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Reproductive Technology Council of Western Australia (the government body overseeing IVF clinics). He has been involved in professional editing for 10 years and has worked on about 2500 papers. He has many colleagues and friends in Asia and was a Visiting Professor at Osaka University's Genome Information Research Center in Japan in 2005. Assoc Prof Cummins began editing for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Fee is a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Canterbury, with expertise particularly in biotechnology, biochemical and biomolecular engineering. His PhD topic was on blood flow disturbances in the carotid artery and their links to atherosclerosis. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada, in 1989/90, working on membrane ultrafiltration. He then returned to NZ as a lecturer at the University of Waikato, and a biochemical engineer at the Meat Industry Research Institute of New Zealand (MIRINZ). A full-time lecturer at the University of Waikato from 1996, he was head of the Department of Materials and Process Engineering from 2003 until 2006, when he took up a chair in chemical engineering at the University of Canterbury. Dr Fee has a wide range of experience in protein purification, protein PEGylation, membrane separations and process chromatography, and has worked in controlled drug delivery, microencapsulation and high-value dairy protein purifications. He is Director of the Biomolecular Interactions Centre at the University of Canterbury and has expertise in surface plasmon resonance. Dr Fee has published over 160 journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, patents and industrial research reports across a wide range of chemical engineering topics. Dr Fee began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in fields associated with chemical engineering and biotechnology in 2008.

Dr Kraabel’s PhD was in experimental condensed matter. Since 1995 he has worked in research and development in both academia and industry. His specialties are condensed matter physics, optics (linear and nonlinear), and materials science. His interests include conjugated polymers, nanocrystals, ultrafast pulsed lasers, nonlinear optics, light-matter interactions, and object-oriented programming. He has both authored and edited numerous reports for publication in peer reviewed scientific journals, as well as grant applications, patent applications and white papers. Dr Kraabel began as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Campbell trained in the US, including as a post-doc at the NASA Ames Research Center, in the fields of paleontology, paleoecology, paleoenvironmental analysis, sedimentology, stratigraphy, geochemistry, and astrobiology. For the past decade, she has taught and conducted research at The University of Auckland in New Zealand. Her specialty is the geologic record of life in extreme environments, with active research programs in the western US, New Zealand and South America, studying ancient hot/cold springs as analogs for early life on Earth and possible life on other planets. Dr Campbell has extensive science writing and editing experience, having published 45 peer-reviewed book chapters or papers in international journals, and successfully competed for research funding from national and international organizations. She has reviewed numerous theses, research papers and grant proposals as a supervisor, colleague, peer reviewer and journal board/associate editor. Dr Campbell began working for the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr McKenzie is a research associate at Rhodes University, South Africa, and is the Production Editor of the African Journal of Range and Forage Science, Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology and Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science. Dr McKenzie has extensive writing experience and his research skills cover areas of plant taxonomy and nomenclature, DNA sequencing and PCR techniques, microscopy, phylogenetic and phenetic data analysis methods, pollination ecology, histology, cytology, PAGE electrophoresis, and the isolation and monosaccharide analysis of plant cell walls. Dr McKenzie began as an editor with Edanz Editing in 2007 and his current research is focused on plant systematics and evolution, specializing in groups in the Asteraceae family, phylogenetics, biogeography, morphology and reproductive biology, hybridization, and plant breeding systems.

Dr Laage has published articles on urinary tract infection and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. He has practiced psychiatry for many years, teaching residents and medical students at the McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School. He now consults to medical communications companies and clinical trials and does executive coaching. Dr Laage joined the Edanz Group as an editor and writer in 2010.

Dr Creasey is a senior post-doctoral fellow in the laboratory of Dr Paul Hunt, University of Edinburgh (genetics of artemisinin drug resistance in a rodent malaria model). Her special interests have been in the field of tropical medicine and tropical parasitic diseases, with training in the epidemiological aspects of disease. Her field experience in serology and microbiology involved a number of anti-parasitic drug trials in Africa. Later in Edinburgh, genetics and molecular biology were focused on. Dr Creasey has the ability to communicate science in clear, unambiguous language. During her career she has edited journal articles and PhD theses for scientists from China, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, and most African countries. Dr Creasey joined Edanz Editing as an editor in 2007.

Dr Curtis’s PhD thesis was entitled “Neural Progenitor Cells in Huntington’s Disease Human Brain.” He is currently a Post-doctoral Research Fellow studying neurodegenerative disorders. Dr Curtis has authored many published reports in several leading international journals including the cover article for an issue of Science in 2007. He has given invited lectures in several countries, presenting topics associated with the field of neurology. Dr Curtis began editing for Edanz Editing in early 2006 and works in a very broad area of the biomedical sciences, applying his extensive knowledge of laboratory and imaging procedures.

Dr Nick Tucker trained in polymer technology at the Interdisciplinary Research Centre at the University of Bradford, and his research continues to be interdisciplinary, working across polymer technology and science, agriculture, industrial design and manufacturing. At present, his major focus is the development of methods of nanocomposite manufacture from crop origin materials for possible application in the manufacture of sustainable composites, meiotic materials, and other ultra-high specific surface areas. Dr Tucker is a chartered engineer and a fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. His work in real-time computer control of reaction injection molding machines was the basis of his admission to charter membership in the British Computer Society. Currently, Dr Tucker leads a number of commercial biomaterials research collaborations at the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research. Dr Tucker has extensive writing and publication experience. He has published 9 refereed journal papers, and has 9 patent and registered design applications, 4 books, and 2 book chapters, as well as 17 government and commercial reports and 8 magazine articles. He has also presented 48 conference papers. Dr Tucker began editing for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Haase is a mathematical physicist with diverse interests ranging from astronomy to quantum mechanics, but specializing in the area of symmetries in nature and the applications of algebras and group theory to physical systems. After a post-doctoral position at the Universitat Wien, Austria, he was awarded a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung in 1985 studying quasicrystals at the Universitat Tubingen, Germany. As principal researcher from 1990 to 1993 at the Centro Internacional de Fisica in Bogota, Colombia, his research interests extended to the applications of the non-compact symplectic group to quantum dots, q-deformed quantum algebras and groups applied to mass generation, and fullerenes. From 1994 to 2004 he became associate professor at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. He returned to his native New Zealand to pursue research into the applications of geometric algebras in physics. Dr Haase began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in fields associated with mathematical physics in 2008.

Dr Bradshaw is a university computer science lecturer in the theory of computing, focusing on all programming languages, including C++ and object-oriented programming as well as distributed and parallel programming. Dr Bradshaw has several published reports and is an experienced editor of manuscripts in all fields with aspects of computer science and mathematics. She began as an editor with Edanz Editing in 2007.

From 1993 to 2006, Dr Helliwell held positions in several research organizations as a Research Fellow in the areas of Anatomy with Radiology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Molecular Endocrinology. Dr Helliwell is a highly regarded and well published (12 first authored reports and numerous abstracts) scientist in her field; as well she is an invited peer reviewer for many international journals. She has strong analytical skills that she brings to the editing of manuscripts for submission to peer-reviewed journals. She joined Edanz Editing in late 2006. Her fields of editing can best be described by the following areas of competence: basic molecular and cell biology techniques, in situ hybridization, cell and tissue culture, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and zymography, receptor autoradiography and receptor binding assays, mammalian neuroanatomy and neuroendocrinology.

Dr Devon is a biologist with a special interest in neuroscience and genetics. She is a graduate of the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, and obtained her PhD in 1996 from the University of Edinburgh, UK, in the genetics of psychiatric illness. She undertook post-doctoral research on a rare, inherited form of Motor Neurone Disease (Lou Gehrig's Disease) in Vancouver, Canada, and then started her own research group back in Edinburgh, UK, investigating the genetics, cell biology and biochemistry of motor neurone disease. She is a co-founder of the Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research at the University of Edinburgh. Dr Devon has written over 50 research papers, book chapters, reviews and successful grant applications, and has peer-reviewed manuscripts for molecular biology journals. Dr Devon began working with Edanz Editing in 2008.

Dr Huxley obtained both her undergraduate and graduate qualifications from Oxford University in Physiological Sciences and Epidemiology, respectively. In 2002 she was appointed as a Senior Research Fellow at the George Institute at the University of Sydney, Australia. In 2007, Dr Huxley was appointed Conjoint Associate Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney and Director of the Nutrition and Lifestyle Division within the George Institute. Over the past 10 years, she has published more than 90 research articles, many in high impact journals including The Lancet, British Medical Journal, Circulation and JAMA and is a regular invited speaker at international conferences. Dr Huxley has also been the recipient of several prestigious research awards and fellowships. Dr Huxley began work as a writer, editor and consultant with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Gorman is an active research geophysicist with both academic and industrial experience. A major focus of his research is the use of seismic imaging techniques to investigate geological processes and structures. Since 2003, Dr Gorman has been a lecturer at the Geology Department of the University of Otago. His current research involves the investigation of seafloor geology using a range of geophysical techniques. Through his active, collaborative research and publishing record, Dr Gorman has extensive experience in technical writing and editing. Dr Gorman began working with the Edanz Group in early 2009.

Dr David has conducted research in many areas, including inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, and analytic chemistry. Her most recent research investigated the forensic use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the analysis of illicit drugs. Dr David is an experienced science communicator and editor, and received an award in the MacDiarmid Young Scientist of the Year competition (2007, New Zealand). She has also completed an internship with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Bangkok, Thailand). Dr David has presented at conferences and has peer-reviewed publications in the areas of physical, analytical, and forensic chemistry. Dr David began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Wright has been editing scientific manuscripts for non-native authors since 1997 and has been an editor for Edanz Editing since 2004. His scientific background is diverse, with the main scientific fields being in chemistry (organic, organometallic, inorganic and surface), semiconductors, biosensors (transducers, DNA and protein arrays) and nanotechnology. In 1996/7, Dr Wright was a Post-doctoral Fellow at The University of Tokyo, Japan, investigating novel catalytic pathways capable of generating ammonia under milder conditions than presently used in industry. As well as working for Edanz Editing, Dr Wright, now based in the UK, continues as a research scientist in the field of bionanosensors.

Dr Lundin's PhD was entitled "Electroluminescent and Photoluminescent Properties of Metal-Based Compounds". Her research has focused on the development of new materials for application in light-emitting diodes. Dr Lundin undertook a post-doctoral research project at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, that involved applying metal-coordinated graphene complexes in optoelectronic devices. Dr Lundin has experience in organic synthesis, inorganic synthesis, photophysical characterization, X-ray crystallography and the fabrication and testing of prototype light-emitting diodes. Dr Lundin is an experienced scientific writer with a number of published peer-reviewed journal articles, including a cover article in Angewandte Chemie. Dr Lundin joined the Edanz Group as a specialist science editor, writer and reviewer in 2009.

Dr Smith’s PhD thesis was entitled “The Role of PPARalpha in Modulating Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Action using In Vivo Models of Insulin Resistance”. Dr Smith has been a Research Assistant at the Queen Mary, University of London’s Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, where he focused on the biochemistry of diabetes and related metabolic disorders. He has also been a Research Fellow at the London Sport Institute, part of Middlesex University. Dr Smith has studied editing and design skills in relation to publication at the London School of Journalism, and is now a full-time medical writer. Dr Smith gained extensive experience in medical and scientific communications while employed at the internationally recognized agency Medicus International, where he worked on a range of medical communications projects for several well-known pharmaceutical companies. He joined the Edanz Group in 2006, where he is able to apply his wide research background and expertise in the medical communications sector in assisting clients to achieve their publication goals.

Dr Juarros is a physicist with research experience in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics and has published papers in various international peer-reviewed journals, as well as presented at international conferences. Her research has involved examining light-matter interactions in highly quantum mechanical systems, specifically the formation of ultracold polar molecules. Samples of these molecules could be used to probe physics beyond the standard model and it has been proposed that ultracold polar molecules could be used to aid in the realization of a quantum computer. Dr Juarros also has several years of undergraduate teaching experience at the University of Connecticut in the USA and has held a Teaching Fellowship at the University of Aberdeen in the UK. She has been involved in the implementation of new teaching techniques, including group problem solving laboratories and interactive learning methods for lectures. Dr Juarros began working as a writer and editor for Edanz group in 2010.

Dr McGowan has won many awards during his career, including in 2003 the EU Marie Curie Post-doctoral Fellowship. He has worked in laboratories investigating the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease as well as those involved in Huntington’s disease, combining laser micro-dissection, microarray analysis and proteomics. Further study involved micro-array gene expression analysis of molecular processes occurring during normal aging and how these are affected by mental exercise. Dr McGowan has an in-depth knowledge of neurodegenerative diseases, neural function, marine zoology, molecular and cellular biology and protein biochemistry, along with extensive multi-disciplinary laboratory experience of contemporary and traditional techniques including proteomics, functional genomics and cell imaging. His excellent written and oral communication skills are demonstrated by several first author publications. From 2005 to October 2006, Dr McGowan was an Associate Editor at Nature Reviews Neuroscience before becoming a full-time editor for Edanz Editing. Dr McGowan is the Edanz Group Science Director.

Dr Demarest received a BSc in Psychology and a PhD in Neurobiology and Behavior from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Her work has focused on the neuroscience and genetics of a behavioral mouse model. From her research she has authored several peer-reviewed papers. She is currently a staff scientist at the Scripps Research Institute. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2008.

Assoc Prof Michael Dewe retired in December 2006 as University of Canterbury IT Director and is currently an Adjunct Assoc Prof and a consultant to the Information and Communication Technology industry. Prior to his position as University IT Director, he was an Assoc Prof (Reader) in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Research interests focused on advanced instrumentation and data acquisition systems with specific applications to real-time power quality monitoring (harmonic analysis) and seismic earthquake measurement and recording. He lectured in engineering design, computer hardware, instrumentation, and engineering management. His early career was as an electronic systems engineer, designing flight and ground systems for satellites and launch vehicles for European Space Projects. A systems engineer, Assoc Prof Dewe has wide experience in applications of engineering to various scientific disciplines. He began working with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Allen is a biologist with particular experience in the fields of neuroscience, developmental biology and genetics. His PhD topic involved molecular genetic analysis of mouse mutations that affect limb development. From 1996 to 2004, Dr Allen was a researcher at the Department of Neurobiology, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK. Dr Allen’s research skills and techniques include DNA/RNA manipulation and purification/isolation, electrophoreses, PCR, cloning, all blottings, library screening, genetic mapping, design and construction of transgenes, artificial chromosome engineering, design and construction of vectors for gene targeting in ES cells, cell culture, histological techniques, mouse behavioral analysis, small animal surgery, and bioinformatic tools such as sequence databases and analysis tools. Dr Allen began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in fields associated with neuroscience and genetics in 2007.

Dr Tobin has 13-years' experience in writing, editing, formatting, and submitting peer-reviewed journal articles, invited reviews, editorials, and textbooks. Dr Tobin has authored 13 peer-reviewed journal articles and invited reviews, as well as two textbook chapters. A freelance writer and editor, Dr Tobin combines her background in molecular biology, cell biology, and physiology with a clear, concise writing style. Dr Tobin is a member of the American Medical Writers Association and the Council of Science Editors. She began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

For 10 years, Dr Stewart was a Post-Doctoral Research Scientist at Edinburgh and Glasgow Universities, involved in molecular biology research that included sequencing and analysis of various genes for genome projects. Dr Stewart is an experienced bioinformatics analyst with specific experience in DNA/protein sequence data. From 2001 to 2007, Dr Stewart was a Senior Analyst in Thomson Scientific’s GENESEQ team based in Glasgow. Dr Stewart began as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2007, working in molecular biology fields with an emphasis on genomics.

McPherson's background is in chemistry. For her PhD, “Sulfur-substituted alkyl complexes of platinum and palladium,” she investigated the synthesis and properties of sulfur-substituted organoplatinum and organopalladium complexes. She has over 25 years' experience in scientific publishing, working mainly in the physical sciences and engineering. She has been an independent publishing and editorial consultant since 2002 and began working for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Smith has worked as a research scientist investigating novel marine extracts with involvement in crop and food research. Dr Smith studied as a post-doctoral researcher at the CNRS Roscoff, France. As well, she has published several research papers in peer-reviewed journals, written numerous IP-protected/confidential reports, and presented at more than 20 international conferences. She is also a reviewer for several academic journals (Functional Plant Biology, Enzyme and Microbial Technology). Dr Smith’s areas of professional expertise for editing are biochemistry and biology, especially of plants, phycology (marine plants), fisheries science, and marine biology, and food and food technology. Dr Smith began working with Edanz Editing in 2007 and now works full time as a science copyeditor.

Dr Fox completed a PhD in microbiology at the University of Oxford, investigating novel phase variable LPS biosynthetic genes in Haemophilus influenzae. She then spent five years as a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Queensland, Australia, focusing on the role of DNA methyltransferases in gene regulation in bacterial pathogens. Other projects included the design and development of live, attenuated vaccines for veterinary pathogens. She has many first-author publications in high-ranking journals in the area of microbial pathogenesis. Dr Fox is now a full-time editor, with extensive editing experience in a broad range of biological disciplines including molecular biology, microbiology, biotechnology, genomics, epidemiology, biochemistry and medicine. Dr Fox began editing with the Edanz Group in 2009.

For three years, Dr Furness was a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, where she used extensive molecular genetic techniques to examine the factors influencing the growth of hematopoietic stem cells, with relevance to the development of cancers such as leukemia. Later Dr Furness was a researcher at Glasgow University where she analyzed the energetic requirements of seabirds, using field observations, analysis of radioisotopes from blood samples and metabolic monitoring of birds in respirometers. Dr Furness is a scientific editor with extensive experience of abstracting, indexing and editing scientific papers on a wide range of topics including general medicine, pharmacology and genetics, with personal experience of active scientific research and the publishing of research papers. From 1993 to 2007, Dr Furness was a Specialist Medical Indexer at Thomson Scientific. She began working with Edanz Editing in 2007.

Dr Rider is a research scientist resident in Cambridge, United Kingdom, where he is involved in developing biological therapeutics for respiratory and inflammatory diseases for a multinational pharmaceutical company. For his PhD, he investigated the role of the inflammatory microenvironment on T cell function in rheumatoid arthritis. Dr Rider was a post-doctoral fellow in the UK and Singapore, studying a diverse range of cell biology and immunology topics, including mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. He has published 10 papers in international peer-reviewed journals, and presented his research at several international conferences. Dr Rider began editing for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Knapp’s scientific background is in medicine cellular biology with particular emphasis on the analysis on pediatrics. Her PhD research focused on the role of various hormones in the growth-retarded fetus. From 2000 to 2003, Dr Knapp was awarded an American Heart Association, Florida Affiliate, Post-doctoral Fellowship. Dr Knapp has excellent writing skills and is a widely experienced editor of non-native English-speaking authored papers. Dr Knapp is presently a lecturer and Research Fellow in the Department of Physiology, Auckland University, New Zealand. She is currently carrying out research on the mechanisms of fetal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adaptation to asphyxia as well as investigating treatment options for perinatal asphyxia. Dr Knapp has been an editor for Edanz Editing since 2003.

Prof McKune is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. His PhD thesis examined immune and inflammatory responses to strenuous exercise. He is a South African National Research Foundation rated researcher and is a past co-leader of National Research Foundation Niche Area examining the effect of exercise on immune and inflammatory responses in healthy adults. Prof McKune’s research is currently supported by National Research Foundation and Medical Research Council competitive research grants. His research interests include the immune/inflammatory response to exercise with applications to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases of lifestyle, and the promotion of optimal adaptation to strength and conditioning training. He has published 28 articles on topics including heart rate variability, hypertension, obesity, exercise-induced muscle damage, immune and inflammatory responses to exercise, and the impact of exercise on motor and cognitive function. Prof McKune began working with the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Adams is a Senior Fellow at the University of Canterbury, having retired as Head of the Soil and Physical Sciences Group at Lincoln University in 2006. He has authored or co-authored many peer-reviewed papers, conference papers, articles and reports. He is an experienced editor of conference proceedings for the New Zealand and Australian Societies of Soil Science. He is a past-President and Life Member of the New Zealand Society of Soil Science, and a past-editor of its newsletter. Dr Adams’ research interests cover many areas of soil and environmental science including the soil chemistry of macronutrients and micronutrients, soil fertility, soil/plant relationships in the New Zealand flora, pedology, soil resource assessment, biosolids disposal onto soils and water chemistry. Dr Adams began working with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Mahkdum was a Research Fellow at the University College London before becoming a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the Scripps Institute at the University of California, San Diego, in California. Since 2000, Dr Makhdum has been a medical writer and editor holding various positions including Managing Editor at Elsevier in Oxford from 2005 to 2007. Dr Makhdum began as an editor with Edanz Editing and Liwen Bianji (Edanz Editing China) in 2008.

Dr Kondejewski’s scientific background is in physiology, endocrinology, molecular biology, obstetrics, gynecology, and perinatology. She has a special interest in the genotypes and phenotypes associated with preterm labor and pregnancy pathologies. Dr Kondejewski has research skills including DNA/RNA isolation and manipulation, DNA sequencing and analysis, PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cell culture, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Dr Kondejewski has published over 30 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and abstracts. She presently works as a grant writer and manuscript coordinator for publishing in high-impact journals. Dr Kondejewski began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Laura Kuhar is a research scientist in the Precious and Base Metals Hydrometallurgy group of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Perth, Australia. Dr Kuhar has always displayed an interest in writing and is currently a reviewer for the Minerals Engineering journal and a former assistant editor of the De Beers Science and Engineering Review. She has published six internationally refereed papers, over 40 peer-reviewed industry reports or technical notes, and has presented at two international conferences. Her work experience has been in chemical, mechanical, mineral and metallurgical processing and fundamental chemical research. Dr Kuhar edits in a variety of fields and began work with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Eager currently practices internal medicine as a hospitalist in Dallas, Texas, USA. Over the past decade he has amassed considerable experience in clinical and pre-clinical research, principally in the field of oncology. He was a member of the Mary Crowley Cancer Research Center Institutional Review Board for six years, during which time he reviewed numerous Phase I through Phase III clinical protocols. In addition to his clinical expertise, Dr Eager has experience with in-vitro pre-clinical protocols and techniques as well as cell culture, histological methods, and animal model studies, and is skilled in a wide range of microbiology techniques. Dr Eager has authored and co-authored eight publications, and has authored four clinical or pre-clinical protocols. On a part-time basis, Dr Eager has edited scientific manuscripts professionally for the past year and began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Dingley’s research is broadly in the area of biochemistry, with particular interest in characterizing protein structure and function. Dr Dingley has over 15 years' experience in publishing articles in international high-impact journals. He has written scientific book chapters, and is an editor on the editorial advisory board for the Biochemical Journal. Dr Dingley began as an editor for Edanz Editing and Liwen Bianji (Edanz Editing China) in 2008.

Dr Clements has published 9 reports as first author in international peer-reviewed journals, such as Behavioral Neuroscience, General and Comparative Endocrinology, and Hormones and Behavior. He has written numerous professional reports and made over 25 presentations at congresses. Dr Clements has also undertaken crustacean research and established telemetry arrays and associated software. Some of his research techniques and skills involve steroid radio-immunoassay, plasma lactate and glucose and ion determination, histology, and mRNA/DNA extraction and purification. Dr Clements began editing for Edanz Editing in 2007 in areas associated with the biological sciences, especially the fisheries fields.

Dr Polson's chemistry career has focused on the study of ruthenium complexes. His first post-doctoral fellowship was in Canada, where he moved to larger arrays, attempting to make antennae to collect solar energy. His second post-doctoral fellowship in Italy involved time-resolved absorption studies on new iridium complexes. In his third fellowship, in New Zealand, he focused on the ruthenium complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of water and their characterization by X-ray crystallography. His current position, since June 2009, is Research Laboratory Technician at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. Dr Polson's skills include the synthesis and characterization of novel complexes through NMR, mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, and he has extensive experience in chromatography. He also has experience with many photophysical techniques such as electronic absorption and emission spectroscopies, electrochemistry, transient absorption spectroscopy, Raman and IR spectroscopy and the spectroelectrochemistry of the above techniques. Dr Polson has written more than 30 peer-reviewed research articles for a wide variety of journals. Dr Polson began working with Edanz Editing in 2008.

Dr Lodge is a cell biologist with wide-ranging experience in academic research, early stage drug discovery, and stem cell therapy regulatory affairs. For his PhD and postdoctoral work, Dr Lodge studied the roles of the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules in axon guidance during nervous system development. Dr Lodge joined GlaxoSmithKline in 2001, where he held research and programme leadership roles within target validation initiatives for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. He was also involved in developing drug discovery strategies involving stem cells. From 2009 to 2011, Dr Lodge was Programme Manager for a stem cell therapy unit at University College London, where he was responsible for the unit obtaining the necessary licenses required by the recently introduced Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) directive. His technical expertise covers a broad spectrum of cell biology, molecular biology and protein biochemistry techniques, including their application to drug discovery assay development. Dr Lodge has published several first author publications in international peer-reviewed journals, and he is experienced in writing a variety of pre-clinical and clinical regulatory documents. Dr Lodge currently offers consulting services in cell-based drug discovery, ATMP regulatory affairs, and scientific writing (including web development). He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Rosa worked as a large animal veterinarian at Cornell University (USA) and as an equine veterinarian at Massey University (NZ) before beginning her PhD studies. Her skills in veterinary medicine range from medicine and surgery to herd health and animal welfare. Her present PhD research is in the area of developmental origins of health and disease; specifically, the effects of maternal exercise on offspring development and later-life health in a rat model. Her PhD research integrates endocrinology, reproductive biology, exercise physiology, and imaging techniques to examine the musculoskeletal and metabolic health of her trial animals. This work has led to several publications in the American Journal of Physiology. Dr Rosa joined the Edanz Group as an editor and expert reviewer in 2011.

Dr Kerr originally studied microbiology at Glasgow University and went on to complete a PhD on herpes viruses at Aberdeen University. He then specialized in electron microscopy and continued for a few years in post-doctoral research on ultrasound treatment of cancer. This was followed by a diploma in information studies, and he has worked in medical and drug information since 1991. Dr Kerr has worked previously as an indexer for EMBase and other pharmaceutical databases, a news writer for several journals including Lancet Infections Diseases and Lancet Oncology, and as a copyeditor for Springer and the Society for General Microbiology. In addition to editing, he works on product literature databases for a number of leading pharmaceutical companies. Dr Kerr joined the Edanz Group in 2005 and edits in the medical and life sciences, with a particular interest in microbiology and infectious diseases. He is a member of the Society for General Microbiology.

Dr Kuhn has extensive experience as a research scientist and is well published as a first author. She began as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2007 and edits in fields associated with neuroscience, physiology, brain rehabilitation/repair, postnatal and adult neurogenesis, memory, learning, neurodegenerative disease, stem cells, molecular biology, including PCR, cloning, subcloning, subtractive hybridization, plasmid preparation/purification, cDNA, RNA, and genomic DNA purification. She also has working experience with all associated laboratory tests and skills necessary for that environment.

Dr Bowler’s scientific background is in ecology, particularly dispersal ecology and population dynamics. She has published several peer-reviewed journal articles of her primary research, as well as systematic reviews/meta-analyses, from her PhD and post-doctoral research in the UK. She has also acted as a peer reviewer for various ecological/biological journals. More recently, she was a JSPS post-doctoral research fellow at Kyoto University, studying predator-prey interactions using an acarine laboratory system. Dr Bowler joined the Edanz Group in 2011 as a specialist Editor in the Fukuoka office.

Dr Donkin's PhD thesis was entitled "The Effects of the Neuropeptide Substance P on Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats". His research interests include developing novel pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of neurotrauma and neurodegeneration using rodent animal models. He has completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of British Columbia, Canada, investigating potential prophylactic and therapeutic compounds in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Dr Donkin has published several peer-reviewed journal articles and currently works as a scientific writer. Dr Donkin joined the Edanz Group as a science editor, writer and reviewer in 2011.

Dr Shoemaker's scientific background is in pharmacology and toxicology with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine disorders and gastroenterology. For her PhD, she investigated and published on the involvement of the second cannabinoid receptor (CB2) in the pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. For her post-doctoral fellowship at Emory University, she studied the pathophysiology of enteric axons during the early stages of diabetes. Dr Shoemaker is an experienced editor and began working for the Edanz Group in early 2009.

Dr Larkin has taught Evolution, Evolutionary Medicine, Biology of Insects, Plant–Animal Interactions and general biology classes at the University of New Mexico and at the University of the Pacific, U.S.A. Her research bridges botany and entomology, with a focus on the evolutionary ecology of plant-pollinator interactions. Her research skills include pollination biology, PCR and DNA sequencing, phylogenetic analyses, and taxonomy of both plants and bees. She has published 12 peer-reviewed research papers and has presented at numerous regional and international conferences. Dr Larkin is an experienced editor of reviewed journal manuscripts, PhD theses, book chapters, and grant proposals. She has also been a peer reviewer for several academic journals and of grant proposals for U.S. and international agencies. Dr Larkin began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Cant has been a Research Fellow (Pharmacology) at the University of Edinburgh and a Research Assistant at the University of London and the University of Oxford, as well as a Lecturer in Physiology at the University of Aberdeen where she also established an electrophysiology laboratory for investigation of drug effects on electrical activity in isolated mammalian cardiac ventricular cells. Dr Cant also has extensive writing and editing experience, having edited papers in biological and physical sciences for the European Community CORDIS Results and Publications databases, as well as for the BEST (British Expertise in Science and Technology) database and its sister database in the US. Dr Cant was a medical editor/database indexer for Thomson Scientific for a number of years and has a wide knowledge of various areas including cardiovascular disease, gastroenterology, neuroscience, epidemiology, pharmacology and physiology.

Dr Davies is a biologist with particular expertise in the areas of neuroscience, oncology, and chromatin structure and gene expression. Dr Davies has held Postdoctoral Fellow positions at a number of institutes including the François Magendie Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France, and the Children’s Cancer Institute Australia. During his PhD, he examined chromatin structure and cisplatin damage at the human beta-globin gene cluster. Dr Davies has been a regular reviewer for several international journals and has edited numerous manuscripts written by both native and non-native English speakers. He has a number of first-author publications in journals such as Nucleic Acids Research and The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Dr Davies has experience in a wide variety of laboratory techniques, including acute and organotypic culture, adenovirus manipulation, lentivirus manipulation and transduction of brain slices and cultured neuronal cells, fluorescent and confocal microscopy, cell microinjection, in vivo mouse models, western blot, electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay, PCR (most varieties), cloning and bacterial plasmid production. Dr Davies began working as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2006.

Dr Mosi’s PhD studies involved the mechanism of reaction of two alpha glycosyltransferases, glycogen phosphorylase and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, through the use of modified substrates and inhibitors. Dr Mosi is a senior research scientist with eight years’ experience in pharmaceutical drug research. She has developed and implemented novel assays for the purpose of the identification of inhibitors of metallo-enzymes as antibacterials and inhibitors of cysteine proteases for the treatment of cancer. Dr Mosi has applied expertise in enzymology, receptor based cell biology, drug metabolism and protein purification and production. As well, she has designed and standardized systems and procedures for interpreting scientific results. She also has a sound knowledge of FDA guidelines and is trained in GLP and GMP procedures. Dr Mosi is a past member of the Drug Information Association, International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics, Society for Biomolecular Screening, American Society of Microbiology, and the Canadian Society of Chemistry. As first author of 10 published, peer reviewed manuscripts, and as editor of numerous other papers in fields of biology, biochemistry, chemistry and pharmacology, Dr Mosi brings an extensive writing background to her editing work for Edanz Editing.

Dr Jefferies has extensive research experience in molecular parasitology with a particular interest in emerging infectious diseases. He is currently working as a research scientist at the University of Bristol, UK, in the Schools of Biological Sciences and Veterinary Science. Dr Jefferies has published more than 20 research papers and is a reviewer for multiple journals in the fields of parasitology and veterinary science. With experience in both academic and commercial research environments, Dr Jefferies has expertise in the development of novel diagnostic methods, molecular epidemiology, population genetics, phylogenetics, molecular taxonomy and protein characterization. He has also worked on peptide-based drug discovery using yeast two-hybrid systems. Dr Jefferies began working with the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Dr Bradshaw is a clinical specialist with a strong background in biomedical science and healthcare related research. He is a member of the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA), and has published over 17 scientific papers. In 2007/8, Dr Bradshaw sat on the board as an elected member of both the Royal College of Physicians guideline development and steering groups, leading to the publication of National Health Service guidelines. He also first-authored the UK national guidelines on “Occupational Visual Standards” for the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. He is a peer reviewer for several top journals including: the American Journal of Ophthalmology, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine and the British Journal of General Practice. Dr Bradshaw is a specialist editor across a wide variety of medical and bioscience topics. He joined the Edanz Groups as an editor and writer in 2010.

Warren Raye graduated from Murdoch University in 2005 with a PhD in Veterinary Virology. His doctoral thesis was entitled "An investigation into the status of porcine circovirus in Australia". Dr Raye is an experienced researcher and lecturer, at undergraduate and post-graduate levels. He was formerly employed by Monash University as a Research Fellow and Lecturer in the fast-changing field of stem cell biology. Dr Raye has also conducted independent research in the areas of molecular virology, inflammation biology and molecular biology. His former work at Monash University involved creating embryonic stem cell lines with various reporter systems for use in small molecule drug screening assays. Other skills and techniques he possesses include mammalian and insect cell culture; growth and differentiation of embryonic stem cell cultures; purification of viruses; PCR; cloning; DNA sequencing and analysis; DNA/RNA manipulation and isolation; expression and purification of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems; electrophoresis; development and optimization of ELISAs; design and construction of recombinant viruses for eukaryotic protein expression; in situ hybridization; monoclonal antibody production; and live cell calcium imaging. Dr Raye began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in early 2009, before moving to Fukuoka and taking up the position of Senior Life Sciences Editor in November 2010. As well as editing, Dr Raye also gives training and education seminars for non-native speaking authors to improve their manuscript writing.

After obtaining a BA and PhD in zoology from the University of Oxford, Dr Prosser joined the Medicine Publishing Company, Abingdon, UK, (now part of Elsevier Health Sciences) as a Staff Editor of medical educational publications. In 1998, she became Managing Editor of the journal Medicine, a position she held until 2006, when she began as a freelance science and medical writer and manuscript editor. Dr Prosser, an accomplished and highly experienced biomedical and health sciences editor and writer, began working with Edanz Group in 2006.

Professor Emeritus in Chemistry and former Professor of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Professor Scurrell is actively involved in research into heterogeneous catalysis, surface chemistry and materials chemistry, with emphasis on applications in energy conversion processes, environmental catalysis and options for the conversion of coal, natural gas and solar (via biomass) into liquid hydrocarbon fuels. He has a strong interest in nanometal-polymer composites, their synthesis and properties. Professor Scurrell has held various positions over the past 40 years in industry, academia and research institutes in the UK, the USA, Denmark, Italy and South Africa, and presently has consulting interests in South Africa, China and the Middle East. Professor Scurrell has over 150 publications and joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Hodgson, an internationally renowned scientist and educator, is a Professor of Zoology lecturing in invertebrate biology, cell structure and function, animal reproduction, environmental physiology, marine biology and introductory microscopy. His interests are in reproductive biology, particularly in developmental processes in gametogenesis of invertebrates, structure and function of spermatozoa, comparative sperm structure and its application in taxonomy and evolutionary biology, reproductive biology/ecology of mollusks, and the physiology of spermatozoa. As well, estuarine biology, and the management of estuarine and intertidal resources, are fields in which Dr Hodgson carries out research. Dr Hodgson has published extensively, with 109 publications in peer evaluated scientific journals, a book and chapters in five other books. He is a peer reviewer for 21 international journals associated with marine biology. He is a member of numerous professional societies, including the Malacological Society of London, International Society of Invertebrate Reproduction, Unitas Malacologica, Microscopy Society of Southern Africa, Zoological Society of Southern Africa, Royal Society of South Africa, Californian Malacological Society, American Microscopical Society, and Marine Biological Association of Plymouth.

Dr Patel is a neuroscientist interested in central nervous system degeneration and mental illness. For his doctoral thesis he developed a mouse gene-knockout model for the human neurological disorder aceruloplasminemia. Subsequently, as a research fellow at the Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School he studied the molecular signaling cascades involved in nerve cell migration. Dr Patel has recently focused his research on the molecular genetics of psychiatric illness as an associate at the Douglas Mental Health Institute in Montreal. His studies center on microRNA signaling networks involved in major depression and suicide. Dr Patel has published a number of first-author articles in high-impact journals, including The Journal of Biological Chemistry and The Journal of Neuroscience. He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Horsburgh has a broad background in medicine and the biological sciences. After completing her medical degree in Auckland, New Zealand, she worked as a general practitioner and student health doctor with particular interest in Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Women's Health. In 1993 Dr Horsburgh moved to Beijing, China, where she continued to practice medicine part-time and also worked as a medical writer and editor. In 1998 she moved to Singapore where she continued to work in the field of medical communications. Her work included producing conference and symposium reports and writing review articles for a range of medical publications. After travelling to Antarctica, Dr Horsburgh returned to Australia to study Antarctic Science in 2004. Her research focused on the impacts of changing sea-ice and oceanographic conditions on marine predators. Dr Horsburgh has used satellite trackers and remote sensing technology to monitor the foraging success of southern elephant seals and developed an index to identify prey encounters from dive data. The results of her research have been published in international peer-reviewed journals. Dr Horsburgh joined the Edanz group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Diwakarla’s PhD thesis involved the use of primary cerebellar granule cell cultures to monitor changes in mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis after apoptotic injury (excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and trophic factor withdrawal). Her project examined the cellular responses of neurons to a range of insults focusing largely on the activation/recruitment of apoptotic proteins involved both upstream and downstream of the apoptotic pathway. Currently, Dr Diwakarla, who was born in Australia, is a post-doctoral scientist in the Neuropeptides Laboratory at the Florey Neuroscience Institutes were she is monitoring neurogenesis during fetal development and determining the signaling pathways involved in memory formation. She is also contributing to the investigation of neuroprotection in in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic damage. She began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Ms Brunker has been editing biomedical documents for over two decades, including submissions to peer-reviewed journals; dissertations and other academic papers; applications to US regulatory agencies (the Food and Drug Administration and the Patent and Trademark Office); pharmaceutical advertisements of all types; Web site content; slide presentations, scripts and other support pieces for conferences and similar events; and a wide variety of medical education materials. Her master’s thesis was on apoptosis in HIV+ CD4+ cells. She has also done laboratory work in breast cancer and environmental medicine.

Dr Nana's PhD research focused on the pattern of cell loss in the human cerebral cortex in Huntington's disease. Dr Nana has experience in human tissue studies with skills in human brain banking, cellular studies of human tissue (histology and immunohistochemistry), molecular biology (western blotting and in-situ hybridization), microscopy (brightfield, fluorescence and confocal) and quantitative analysis (stereology and morphometric analyses). Her research focus is neurodegeneration and she is currently a post-doctoral research fellow. Dr Nana has published in peer-reviewed journals and has presented at many international conferences. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Morben has six years of experience in veterinary medicine. She currently works as a general practitioner in the United States. In addition, Dr Morben has extensive experience editing and proofreading a wide variety of research manuscripts and is a member of the American Medical Writers Association. Dr Morben began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Sharman's PhD, in the lab of Peter Holland, focused on homeobox gene duplication in early vertebrate evolution. Her post-doctoral work was with Michael Brand on zebrafish neural development; during which she published three first-author papers and three reviews. Dr Sharman then moved into journal editing. She was Editor of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Assistant Editor of Current Biology and then Senior Editor of Genome Biology. With seven years experience as an in-house journal editor Dr Sharman understands journal publishing and what peer reviewers require in a manuscript. Dr Sharman attained Advanced Member status of the Society for Editors and Proofreaders in 2010 and edits in all areas of biology and medicine; particularly manuscripts on evolution, developmental biology and genomics. Dr Sharman began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr Burkala is currently employed at the University of Oklahoma in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Dr Burkala has many years of experience in molecular virology and biology, and has recently specialized in HIV immunology and evolution. He has peer-reviewed publications in a broad range of scientific areas including cancer biology and immunology in addition to reviewing many publications and grant applications. Dr Burkala’s technical skills include: cutting-edge molecular biological techniques such as heteroduplex tracking assays and mass spectrometry; common techniques like cloning, PCR, real-time PCR and recombinant protein purification; immunological techniques such as flow cytometry, ELISA, Western immunoblot and ELISPOT; cell culture techniques including primary and cell line culture, virus culture and purification, transwell migration assays and confocal microscopy; and live animal experiments including the use of mice, sheep, cattle, and rabbits for immunizations and immunological analyses.

Before joining The Edge Learning Center (Hong Kong) as Head of Science and Mathematics, Dr Hillhouse held the position of Full Professor of Physics at Stellenbosch University (South Africa) and the University for Information Science and Technology (Macedonia). His research focuses on the development of relativistic nuclear models (structure and scattering) for studying the properties of neutron stars (pulsars) and for the interpretation of lepton and nucleon-induced polarization observables on nuclei measured at medium energies. Dr Hillhouse has published more than 50 scientific papers and has been a research scholar at several universities (Indiana University and Peking University, and at Osaka and Kyushu Universities in Japan). His leadership roles include: Head of the Nuclear Physics at Stellenbosch University, Chairperson of Nuclear Physics User Group at the iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences, and Chairperson of the Nuclear, Particle and Radiation Physics Specialist Group of the South African Institute of Physics. He is also an editor of the Central European Journal of Physics. Dr Hillhouse began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2011

Dr Rice worked within the Division of Hematology/Oncology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York and at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Northwestern University. Dr Rice’s Post-Doctoral studies focused on transcriptional mechanisms by which PLZF and the PLZF-RARa fusion oncoprotein found in t(11;17) APL regulate gene expression, and ultimately how their dysregulation contributes to leukemogenesis. Dr Rice has experience in performing whole genome screens and identifying relevant pathways and candidate genes to formulate testable hypothesis with the aim of selective, therapeutic targeting. She was also involved in several collaborative projects with independent researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston) and McGill University (Montreal) testing the sensitivity of oncoprotein-transformed cells to specific drug compounds. Dr Rice has published in internationally recognized journals including Blood, Genes and Development and Blood Cancer Journal and has reviewed for PNAS, Blood, Oncogene and Leukemia. She has also written two book chapters and presented her work on several occasions at American Society of Hematology meetings. Dr Rice began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Dr J. Ludovic Croxford is a multi-disciplinary immunologist with research experience in a wide range of fields, especially neuroimmunology, autoimmunity and oncology. His PhD research demonstrated the potential use of cytokine gene therapy for the treatment of animal models of autoimmune disease, and his post-doctoral research focused on the mechanisms of viral molecular mimicry to induce autoimmunity. Dr Croxford next studied the role of a novel NKT cell in a multiple sclerosis model at the National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Following this he studied the mechanisms of immune-mediated tumor suppression for leukemia. Dr Croxford has published over 40 peer-reviewed papers, reviews and book chapters in journals including Nature, Nature Immunology and Nature Medicine. Dr Croxford joined the Edanz Group as an editor in December 2011.

Dr Lutze's graduate work was in vision science. Her studies involved the assessment of changes in color vision with disease and the genetic basis of color vision. She worked alongside ophthalmologists during post-doctoral training and has experience with ophthalmological clinical activities and research. She later worked with an ophthalmologist studying diabetic retinopathy and other retinal diseases. Dr Lutze works as a language editor for a gastroenterology journal based in Beijing, China, and began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Desport is a molecular virologist with interests in animal health. Her thesis for her PhD in Veterinary Virology from the Royal Veterinary College was entitled “Genomic Variation and Cell Tropism of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus”. Dr Desport post-doctoral position at Murdoch University focused on the development and testing of a recombinant protein vaccine to control Jembrana disease in Bali cattle. Skills and techniques include cell culture and purification of viruses; Real-Time RT/PCR; cloning; DNA sequencing and analysis; DNA/RNA manipulation and isolation; expression and purification of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic systems; development and optimization of ELISAs; in situ hybridization; immunostaining; histopathology and peptide mapping. Dr Desport has published eight first-author journal articles and has presented at several national and international conferences. She is an invited reviewer for a number of international journals and has recently edited a book entitled “Lentiviruses and Macrophages: Molecular and Cellular Interactions”. Dr Desport joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr March is a cancer biologist with special interests in cell signaling and intestinal oncology. Her PhD research examined the regulation of AP-1 proteins by MAP kinase pathways. Dr March is currently a Senior Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, where her work focuses on the application of innovative models to identify and characterize novel driver genes in colorectal cancer. Previously, Dr March was a Postdoctoral Research Scientist at the Babraham Institute, UK, where, in collaboration with UCB Pharma, she studied the mode of action of an anti-epilepsy drug. She also has experience working in the biotechnology industry. Dr March has given invited lectures both nationally and internationally, and has published in several international peer-reviewed journals. Dr March joined Edanz as an editor in early 2011.

Dr Price has a background in the field of environmental science and her research interests cover soil trace gas exchange (methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide), soil biology and biochemistry and the cycling of major elements such as carbon and nitrogen. Her PhD studies, which involved intensive field, laboratory and modeling, focused on understanding methane oxidation in a pristine indigenous forest soil. Dr Price was awarded a New Zealand Science and Technology Post-doctoral Fellowship, being involved in regular field measurements as well as modelling of soil methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide exchange from a regenerating sequence of native scrub. Dr Price has experience in writing for many different formats including journal articles, has edited for the Global Biogeochemical Cycles journal, and has presented data at numerous conferences. Dr Price began editing for the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Cheesman has a special interest in tropical disease research and has worked primarily in the fields of molecular biology and genetics. For her PhD she investigated DNA topoisomerase II of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum as an anti-malarial drug target. The research involved studying the expression profile and activity of the enzyme throughout the life cycle of the parasite to determine whether anti-topoisomerase drugs could inhibit it. More recently, Dr Cheesman has been applying genetics and genomics approaches to identify parasite genes of biomedical importance, including genes that induce protective immunity in the host. Her research identified a major parasite gene involved in strain-specific immunity against malaria, an important breakthrough in vaccine research. Dr Cheesman is very interested in the evolution of host-pathogen interactions. She has published 25 original research papers, many as first author and has been an invited speaker at many congresses. Dr Cheesman has also taken research sabbaticals at the University of Osaka (2007) and University of Nagasaki, Japan (2009). She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Dr Reynolds initially practiced in Medical Oncology and then Psychotherapy. After retiring from clinical practice in 2003 she began a new career in medical editing. Most of her work has been for Japanese and Chinese authors. A successful author, Dr Reynolds has published 13 articles in peer-reviewed journals, and two books. Dr Reynolds joined the Edanz Group as an editor and writer in 2011 and, though with a clinical focus, works in a broad range of medical fields.

Dr Rogers presently is a lecturer in scientific communication and writing at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. He has previously held research positions as a laboratory head within the biotechnology industry, specializing in proteomics research, and within the food industry, conducting research in primary materials. He completed post-doctoral research within the University of Paris, as a Royal Society Fellow, and at the University of Sussex. He has published widely and is joint author to seven biotechnology patents. Dr Rogers began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Yajima's background is in proteomics, molecular biology, and plant pathology. He is the first author of numerous manuscripts published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Additionally, he is a co-author of a book chapter, an online encyclopedia chapter, an online technical guide/magazine, and an extensive review article. Prior to joining Edanz, he gained experience in editing/proofreading through freelance work. He has also served as a reviewer for international scientific journals. Dr Yajima joined the Edanz Group as a Senior Editor in the Fukuoka office in November 2011.

Mr Knight’s Master’s research focused on the neuronal adaptation underlying a visual illusion. He has extensive experience with cognitive neuroscience research paradigms, brain-imaging techniques (including electroencephalography; EEG, and functional magnetic resonance imaging; fMRI), data analysis, and experimental design in neuroscience, cognitive, perceptual and behavioural science. At the University of Auckland, he tutored undergraduate general psychology, neuroanatomy, cognitive and perceptual psychology, and biopsychology courses. Mr Knight studied as a Commonwealth Scholar at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, undertaking research involving evolutionary and comparative psychology, zoology, anthropology, developmental psychology, animal behaviour and human ecology. In 2008, Mr Knight was employed by the University of Otago as an editor and writer of research papers from 11 years of collected data in biology, zoology, climatology, marine systems and ecology. Mr Knight’s research has been presented at several international conferences, and he has published peer-reviewed papers in psychology, zoology and ecology. Mr Knight began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in early 2009.

Ms Schatken’s university studies focused on medical technology. After graduation she worked for six years in specialized hematology and research laboratories: the Albany (NY) Medical Center, Mallory Institute (Boston), Tufts Medical School (Boston), Upstate Medical Center (State University of New York, Syracuse, NY), and the Jewish Medical Center (New York). She then went into medical publishing at Harper & Row, later moving to the magazine Medical World News. In 1970 she began working as an independent medical editor and writer. Her work has included preparing reports for physicians, pamphlets/booklets for pharmaceutical houses, abstracts of medical articles, and conference presentations. She has also copyedited medical and scientific journals and books for a variety of publishers, including Springer (New York and Tokyo), Oxford University Press, Little Brown, Raven Press, Harper & Row, Appleton-Century Crofts, and Churchill Livingstone. Ms Schatken began working as an editor and writer with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Ms Hammond is currently in her final year of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program in Ecology at the University of Otago. Her doctoral thesis involves modeling ecological processes, including biological response to changes in hydrological and chemical conditions, and predicting future spread and proliferations of invasive species. Prior to her doctoral candidacy, Ms Hammond held academic positions at the University Of Otago School Of Medicine. She has extensive experience in research relating to the epidemiology of skin cancer and vitamin D deficiency. Ms Hammond is skilled in ultraviolet radiation dosimetry and analysis. She has extensive statistical knowledge and training in both epidemiology and ecology. Ms Hammond has published papers in peer-reviewed journals, including Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. She has written numerous scientific and technical reports, and presented at many conferences and industry workshops. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr McAlpine's PhD research focused on the effects of inflammation, specifically Tumor Necrosis Factor, on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This research focused mainly on Alzheimer's disease, with some work on Parkinson's disease. She made extensive use of rodent models of these diseases, and administered both drugs and gene therapy vectors to the brains of affected animals. She has published both primary research articles and reviews on this topic. After her PhD, Dr McAlpine completed a postdoctoral fellowship studying autophagy in the UK. Dr McAlpine joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Morris’s scientific background is oncology with an emphasis on radiobiology, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. During the period that he worked as a scientist and principal investigator at the University of Oxford, the focus of Dr Morris’s research was on the development of new drugs and novel forms of radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer. More recently, Dr Morris has worked as a medical writer and scientist in the biotechnology industry. Therapeutic areas that he has been involved with include oncology, infectious diseases, age-related macular degeneration and obesity. Dr Morris has visiting scientist status at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in the US. Dr Morris has written over 50 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters. Dr Morris began working with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Marrow’s doctoral thesis “The evolution and dynamics of interacting populations” investigated biological evolution in an ecological context and used mathematical and computational modeling. These skills were further applied during a research fellowship at the University of Leiden and a postdoc at the University of Cambridge. With this background Dr Marrow was recruited by BT (British Telecom, UK) to apply insights from biology to computing and other technology relevant to the business. Over more than 10 years with the company, Dr Marrow researched and developed new technology, drawing inspiration from other complex systems such as economic and social systems as well as those in nature. During this time he led collaborations with universities and other companies and published many papers. Dr Marrow has authored over 50 peer-reviewed publications and is an internationally recognized computer science expert. He has also reviewed grant applications, journal papers and been an invited speaker at conferences and universities. He maintains a multidisciplinary view of technology. His current focus is on novel computing, especially for networked systems, where it intersects with new media products and services, telecoms, biology and complex systems. Dr Marrow joined he Edanz Group as an editor in 2012.

Dr Biswas is a bioinformatics scientist with experience in DNA/protein database annotation, sequence analysis and molecular modeling. For seven years Dr Biswas was a Post-Doctoral Research Associate using molecular modeling techniques to study protein-ligand binding. She then joined the newly formed Bioinformatics Centre at the Indian Institute of Science as a Senior Scientific Officer responsible for the development of training courses and research projects. Dr Biswas returned to the UK in 1998 as a Database Curator at the European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, where she was involved in database production, annotation and research. From 2002 to 2009, Dr Biswas worked as a Bioinformatics Scientist for a private company in New Zealand. She worked in a range of projects aimed at understanding how genes and other factors interact to influence complex biological traits in animals and plants. Dr Biswas, a Scottish-born native speaker of English, has extensive writing and publication experience. She has published 24 papers in international peer-reviewed journals and has co-authored scientific book chapters. Dr Biswas began editing for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Watts is an atmospheric biogeochemist who has taught Atmospheric Chemistry, Meteorology, Climatology and Policy in both the UK and New Zealand. He has spent over 20 years working in the area of air quality and its affect on health, historic artifacts and climate. He is a referee for several major journals including Atmospheric Environment, and has been a member of both UK and EU government and inter-government working groups and technical committees on air quality and its measurement. Dr Watts, a frequent invited speaker at congresses, has published over 30 peer reviewed papers, has patents (including Japanese patents), and has authored textbooks. He works closely with a network of colleagues in Japan, China and Thailand, and began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Murphy researches at the interface of chemistry and biology, focusing on natural products involving small, but complex, molecules produced by organisms to gain an evolutionary advantage over their competitors. Her PhD investigated the total synthesis of natural products and the use of organic synthesis as a tool in natural product structure elucidation. She then joined the Simpson group at the University of Bristol, UK, working on a multidisciplinary project aiming to understand more about the biosynthesis of natural product antibiotics, and the complex enzymes that produce them from simple primary metabolite building blocks. She has significant experience in the areas of organic synthesis, analytical and biological chemistry. Dr Murphy began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Smith lectured in Mathematics at the University of Auckland from 1970 until 2008. He served for five years as Editor for the Mathematical Chronicle (now the New Zealand Journal of Mathematics) and for eight years as Editor of the quarterly NZMS Newsletter. His research interest has been in the area of commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, and more recently in the specialized topic of multiplication modules. He has authored or co-authored some 15 research articles in refereed international journals together with one undergraduate textbook on linear algebra.

Dr O’Connell’s research interests are in plant-arthropod interactions. His PhD thesis, ‘Plant-arthropod interactions: Domatia and mites in the genus Coprosma (Rubiaceae)’, examined factors that influenced leaf domatia production and their relationship with foliar mite groups. His current postdoctoral research investigates multitrophic interactions by assessing the consequences of adding floral resources to insect communities in agricultural systems. Dr O’Connell’s publication record includes papers discussing plant physiological responses to carbon stress, microhabitat structure on mite assemblages, and benefits associated with domatia mediated tritrophic mutualisms. Dr O’Connell joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Dr Finnie is a stem cell biologist whose PhD research led to the identification and isolation of rare stem cell populations within umbilical cord blood, with the potential for bone and cartilage tissue engineering applications. Dr Finnie was then a senior Postdoctoral Research Scientist at Smith & Nephew's research center in the UK, where she worked at the forefront of both research and development stages to commercialize adult stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine, namely bone replacement and Osteoarthritis. Dr Finnie has published her research in international peer-reviewed journals. She is currently a science writer and editor across diverse biological areas and is a member of the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA). Dr Finnie joined Edanz as an editor in November 2011.

Dr Bijur's work is on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and investigations into brain metabolic functions. Dr Bijur has extensive experience in the areas of psychiatry, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, and in oncogenesis and carcinogenesis. He has thorough understandings of cell culture techniques, molecular biology techniques, and rodent animal models. His personal research has been funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression. Dr Bijur has authored over 32 peer-reviewed publications, and has presented at numerous scientific conferences including the Society for Neuroscience and the American Association for Cancer Research, among others. He also serves as a reviewer for several biomedical journals and granting agencies. Dr Bijur joined the Edanz Group as an editor and medical writer in 2010.

Dr Taylor has been a lecturer in zoology, comparative physiology, and cell biology at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, since 1972. His interests span all physiological systems across a variety of taxa, including fish, crustaceans, mollusks, insects and spiders. Research themes include: Gas exchange and oxygen transport; morphology and hemodynamics of gills and circulatory systems; osmoregulation, acid-base balance and excretion; adaptation to marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments; the physiology of eggs and embryos and fertilization; stress associated with fishing, aquaculture and live transport; and eco-toxicity of heavy metals. Dr Taylor is experienced in a range of instrumentation and analyses including: microscopy (DIC, fluorescence, TEM, SEM, X-ray microprobe); corrosion casting; respirometry; blood gas and acid-base status; osmotic, ionic, and metabolite concentrations of body fluids and waters; atomic absorption spectroscopy; radioactive tracers, viscometry; blood pressure and flow (pulsed Doppler); heart and ventilation rates; and electrophysiology. Dr Taylor’s research group has published numerous articles in the principal international journals of his field. He has served on the advisory board of journals and book series, is a reviewer for about 20 international journals, and is a member of several national and international scientific societies. Dr Taylor began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2008.

Dr Dean’s PhD thesis was titled “Endogenous Neural Excitation and Inhibition and the Evolution of Preterm Brain Injury.” Dr Dean is presently a post-doctoral research fellow in fields related to neuroscience. He has experience in large animal and fetal surgery techniques, including catheter and electrode placement and animal post-mortem and dissections, as well as in stereotaxic placement of microdialysis and laser Doppler probes. In electrophysiology, Dr Dean is skilled in the instrumentation, recording, and analysis of electrophysiological data in vivo, including cortical EEG spike wave and seizure activity, cerebral impedance, cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), cerebral laser Doppler, temperature, ECG, EMG, blood pressure, ultrasonic blood flow measurement, and fetal breathing movements. He possesses training in systems physiology, as well as an understanding of the complex and unique cardiovascular and central nervous system responses. In molecular fields, Dr Dean covers the various blot analysis techniques, primer design and sequence analysis, mRNA and protein extractions, RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis. Histology including staining and analysis of brain tissue and imaging and the associated laboratory skills are all areas in which Dr Dean has experience. Dr Dean began as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2007, and works in fields related to chemistry and neuroscience.

Dr Komolova’s doctoral dissertation focused on characterizing the role of the kidneys in blood pressure regulation in various disease states (hypertension, salt-sensitivity, and obesity). She also investigated the effects of antihypertensive drugs and lifestyle changes on cardiovascular and metabolic function. She is proficient in numerous research techniques, ranging from molecular to whole-animal methodologies. Her work has been published in scientific journals including Hypertension, the Journal of Hypertension, and the International Journal of Obesity. Currently, she is an Adjunct Professor and Research Facilitator in the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology at Queen’s University, and a freelance medical writer. Dr Komolova began working with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Roth has published articles on T cell biology, the molecular mechanisms of gene rearrangement, hematopoeisis, developmental biology, neurobiology, and nuclear receptor biology. He has extensive experience with transgeneic animal models, developing genomic and proteomic based technologies, and applying gene and protein expression profiling methods to diseases and therapeutic areas, including diabetes, obesity, blood disorders, and oncology. He is a co-author on 13 publications in high impact journals, and the co-inventor on five issued patents. He has consulted with leading biopharmaceutical, medical device, and life science companies on new platform technologies and product development. As an adjunct professor at Quinnipiac University, he taught an undergraduate online biology course for several years. He received an American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship while at Northwestern University, and studied developmental neurobiology at Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Dr Roth began working with Edanz Editing as an editor in 2010.

Dr Humphries is a mathematician whose research areas include phylogenetics, graph theory, matroid theory, and number theory. His research also involves theoretical, discrete and general mathematics, along with combinatorics. Dr Humphries brings excellent writing and editing skills from his work experience as an English teacher, and more recently as an instructor and lecturer for university-level mathematics students. Dr Humphries began working with the Edanz Group in early 2009.

Dr Devenish's current research examines the role of quaternary structure in enzyme function. His PhD was obtained in organic chemistry, in the field of natural products isolation and hemisynthesis, and also involved significant amounts of peptide synthesis as well as polymer chemistry. Dr Devenish’s recent research has been in the field of enzymology, where he has worked on biochemical and biophysical characterization of enzymes, molecular cloning techniques and site-directed mutagenesis. Dr Devenish continues in active research, and has a successful publication record. Dr Devenish started working with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Roberts has experience in a wide range of research fields. His PhD research focused on measuring effective charges in nonaqueous colloidal systems using optical tweezers in combination with an electrophoretic cell. After completing his PhD, he worked for two years as a postdoctoral research fellow at the AIBN, in the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. His research used tunable nanopores to detect the biomodification of nanoparticles, aiming to develop a simple, easily applied bioassay technique. Dr Roberts is currently a postdoctoral research fellow in the Materials Science Research Centre at Chiang Mai University, Thailand. He works in the area of nanotechnology attempting to create stronger carbon nanotube networks. Dr Roberts joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Cooper's PhD thesis was entitled "A Computer Simulation Study of the Interaction of Surfactants with Mineral Surfaces". He spent a year as a postdoctoral fellow at Industrial Research Ltd. in New Zealand, computationally studying self-adsorbed monolayers of long-chain thiols on gold surfaces. He then worked at the University of Cambridge where he was funded by the pharmaceutical industry to investigate the thermodynamic properties of organic molecular solids. Dr Cooper has published 14 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and has presented his work at numerous international scientific conferences. His expertise is in the area of computational materials science and he has considerable experience in the computational methods that are used to study solid-state materials. He joined the Edanz group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Alexander is currently a postdoctoral research associate at Montana State University's Molecular Beam Facility where he studies gas/surface and gas/gas reaction dynamics. His research interests include experimental and computational chemical physics, and he has experience in surface spectroscopy, ultra-high vacuum, and atomic/molecular beam techniques. He has authored more than 10 scientific papers, with first-authored papers accepted to the Journal of Chemical Physics, Journal of Physical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, and Faraday Discussions. He regularly presents at national and regional conferences. Dr Alexander is also interested in the incorporation of modern pedagogical techniques in chemical education. Dr Alexander began working an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Ms Jones spent six years carrying out research at the Scripps Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP), recording and analyzing seismic data from the Pacific Ocean floor and developing underwater seismic observation instruments. She was also involved in oceanographic tectonic research, mapping the Lau Basin (SW Pacific) and deep-ocean dredging on Scripps’ research vessels. She took part in field work with the Geodynamic Project in Sumatra, examining crustal motion in Indonesia. Ms Jones is now a full-time science editor based in New Zealand. She uses her background in math, physics, and geology, as well as her technical knowledge, to edit manuscripts in a wide range of fields in the earth and environmental sciences. Ms Jones joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Cameron McLeod is Emeritus Professor (Chemistry) at the University Of Sheffield, having been Director of the Centre for Analytical Sciences (1995–2011) and Head of Department of Earth Sciences (1997–2000). His research focus has been in trace element spectrochemistry, and laser and plasma spectrochemical analysis, Professor McLeod has published extensively in these areas, and in the fields of atomic mass spectrometry and laser ablation. His work has had an impact on the environmental, materials and life sciences sectors. Professor McLeod has served on the boards of several leading Analytical Science journals. He joined the Edanz Group as an editor and specialist reviewer in 2011.

Dr Slaughter has broad academic and research interests within the field of water resources. He has investigated the biogeographical distribution of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean, and has extensive experience running acute and chronic ecotoxicity tests on fresh water macroinvertebrates. Dr Slaughter’s PhD work involved the development of new statistical and mechanistic water quality models to link flow to water quality in South African rivers. He is currently a post-doctoral fellow developing climate change adaptation tools for water boards in South Africa. Dr Slaughter has utilized downscaled Global Circulation Model rainfall and evaporation data for use in hydrology and water quality models. His publications are within the fields of chronic toxicity testing, water quality guidelines, acute – chronic extrapolation techniques, and modeling climate change scenarios for water resources. Dr Slaughter began as an editor for Edanz Group in 2011, and works in fields related to water resource science.

Dr Lewalle is a multidisciplinary physicist with a background in semiconductor and condensed-matter physics. His PhD research examined quantum phenomena related to electron correlations in ultra-clean low-dimensional silicon MOSFETs and GaAs heterostructures. Dr Lewalle’s experiments made extensive use of cryogenic equipment and high-sensitivity electronic measurements at low temperatures. His post-doctoral study and recent research has focused on the physics of biological systems at the cellular and single-molecule levels. At King's College London, Dr Lewalle built and used an optical-tweezer system to measure the mechanical stiffness of single myosin molecules, the proteins that give rise to tension in muscle. Currently, at University College London, he studies the force-producing mechanisms in chemotactic cells. Dr Lewalle joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011

Dr Blanchard is a senior health researcher at the Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with a special interest in leadership and management. With a comprehensive background in the field of psychology, her current focus lies in qualitative research design and methodology. Dr Blanchard is an experienced editor in the fields of management and public health. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011

Dr Noyes obtained both her BS in Zoology and her Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine from Michigan State University, and is currently an internship-trained small animal practitioner. She has research experience in animal behavior, farm animal welfare science and the human-animal bond. Dr Noyes received additional training in zoological medicine at several major US zoos. She has published in journals such as the Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery and the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. She is a member of the AVMA Committee on the Human-Animal Bond. Dr Noyes began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010

Dr Piatek’s scientific background is in forest ecology and soils. Her research interests are on the effects of disturbance on nutrient cycling in forests and nutrient exports from forested watersheds. She has conducted research in conifer and broadleaf natural and plantation forests using a combination of field and lab approaches including isotopic techniques, modeling, and survey instruments. Dr Piatek is the author of several scientific manuscripts on nutrient cycling processes in forest floors, and element dynamics in export waters. Dr Piatek also has a research interest in understanding the effects of nutrition on human health and well-being. She has lectured courses in Soils, Forest Soils, Forest Management, and Global Forest Resources. Her research findings are frequently presented at the annual meetings of the Soil Science Society of America—an organization in which she was elected and served as Chair for the Division of Forest Range and Wildland Soils. She is also a frequent reviewer for several soils, water, and forest ecology journals. Dr Piatek joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011

Dr Barrett’s PhD thesis was entitled “Therapeutic hypothermia and its effects on the preterm fetal sheep”. His post-doctoral research focuses on fetal physiology and neuroscience. Dr Barrett has experience in large animal and fetal surgery techniques, including catheter and electrode placement and animal post-mortem dissections. Dr Barrett is also skilled in analysis of electrophysiological data in vivo, including EEG seizure activity; temperature, ECG, EMG, blood pressure and blood flow. He has training in systems physiology, as well as an understanding of the complex and unique cardiovascular and central nervous system responses. Dr Barrett’s histology skills include, stereological staining and analysis of brain tissue, and associated microscope skills. Dr Barrett has published papers in peer reviewed journals, co-authored a book chapter and presented at national and international congresses. Dr Barrett began work as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Ms Weidow is a freelance scientific and medical editor with over 6 years experience as a writer and editor in academia, healthcare, and industry. Ms Weidow has degrees in microbiology, statistics, and English from The University of Tennessee, with additional training in scientific writing at Vanderbilt University. She did her thesis research in a multidisciplinary cancer biology laboratory, where she designed small peptide therapeutics for the adjuvant treatment of some cancers. She has worked in academic laboratories for many years, and has contributed in various capacities (writing, editing, data analysis) to hundreds of peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, funded grant proposals, patents, abstracts, posters, standard operating procedures, media releases, and many other types of technical literature. Ms Weidow is a member of the Council of Science Editors, the American Medical Writers Association, and the Society for Scholarly Publishing. She edits and writes in a wide range of subject areas – most notably microbiology, cancer biology, oncology, cell biology, matrix biology, bioengineering, immunology, biostatistics, and method development. She began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Larsen has conducted research in many areas of environmental chemistry including the transport and distribution of nutrients, PAHs, biomarkers and PCBs. His most recent research involves the compound specific isotope analysis of Arctic sediment cores associated with methane hydrates. Dr Larsen is an Associate Professor at St. Mary's College of Maryland where he teaches general, analytical, and environmental chemistry courses. He has been a visiting scientist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA) and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Dr Larsen has presented at conferences and has also peer-reviewed publications in areas such as environmental chemistry. Dr Larsen joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Davy’s PhD thesis was entitled “Characterisation of White Patch Syndrome, a putative disease affecting corals in the genus Porites on the Great Barrier Reef”. She has extensive experience of the ecology of coral reefs, including bleaching and coral disease. Her expertise also extends to the areas of marine virology, marine conservation, rocky shore ecology, and areas of applied marine science, including fish stock assessment and coastal defenses. In molecular fields, Dr Davy has undertaken primer design and sequence analysis, DNA extraction, fluorescent in situ hybridization and various types of gel electrophoresis, including DGGE, PFGE and SSCP, histopathology, transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Dr Davy has published 12 papers in peer-reviewed journals and presented at several national and international conferences. Dr Davy has also completed an MA in Creative Writing and had a non-fiction book published by Random House New Zealand in 2011. Dr Davy is presently a freelance writer and editor, and scientific consultant. She began working with the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Zahn has 30 years’ experience as a researcher in academia and the biotechnology industry, with expertise in the molecular genetics and biotechnological applications of bacteriophage, bacteria, yeast and fungi. After completing a PhD in the laboratory of Dr Frederick Blattner, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Brown University with Dr Arthur Landy, and then a Sackler Fellow in Molecular Genetics and Informatics with Dr Joshua Lederberg at Rockefeller University. Dr Zahn has also worked as a NEDO Industrial Technology Fellow in the Molecular Microbiology Group at RITE, Kyoto, Japan with Dr Hideaki Yukawa. He currently works in the biotechnology industry in the San Francisco Area. Dr Zahn began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Benyon is a researcher for the USDA-ARS in the US Horticultural Research Laboratory, which concentrates on improving citrus and specialty crops. His current research involves identifying genetic targets for combating Huanglongbing/Citrus greening in citrus, the bacterial pathogen, and the insect vectors. Dr Benyon has a diversified science background, including having researched antimicrobial peptides at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Dr Benyon has also worked in East Asia with scientists from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China, and was a post-doctoral associate at Okayama University in Japan. Dr Benyon began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Following the completion of her PhD in biochemistry, Dr Bell was a post-doctoral fellow in the department of Medical Biochemistry at Gothenburg University, Sweden, and then in the department of Behavioural Neuroscience at OHSU, USA. Her postgraduate research focused on the isolation, regulation, action and biological effects of constitutively active MAPK molecules in a eukaryotic yeast model with reference to mammalian MAPKs. Her first post-doctoral post investigated the regulation of the transcription factor FoxC2 and the role of the PKA regulatory subunit RIIβ in adipocyte metabolism. This research had direct relevance to obesity and Type II diabetes. Following this research she then moved into the field of biochemical neuroscience, studying the signaling pathway of the D2 dopamine receptor in relation to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and MAPK in primary neuronal cultures and in vivo. Throughout her career Dr Bell gained experience with a wide range of molecular biology techniques including genetic manipulation, yeast and mammalian cell culturing, animal breeding and dissection, DNA and mRNA analysis, molecular staining, imaging and protein biochemistry. Dr Bell has published 6 peer-reviewed papers, 3 as first author. Dr Bell also holds a patent related to her development of constitutively active MAPKs. Her current interests include the fields of scientific communication and education. Dr Bell joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Dr de Boo is a physiologist with a particular interest in fetal growth and metabolism. Her PhD thesis was entitled “Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Intrauterine Growth Restriction,” focusing primarily on urea cycle disorders in growth-restricted human neonates and fetal sheep. She has since completed a post-doctoral study on the development of intrauterine treatments for intrauterine growth restriction by hormonal supplementation. Dr de Boo has extensive experience in writing and editing both scientific and non-scientific manuscripts and is now a full-time freelance editor.

Dr Williams’ PhD investigated the role of non-viral delivery in gene therapy. She then spent three years working as a postdoctoral researcher on the gene regulation of cystic fibrosis. Dr Williams’ main areas of expertise are genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry, plant sciences, medicine, surgery, microbiology and biotechnology. Dr Williams has published several first-author articles in peer-ranking journals and presented her work at international conferences. She has also been a finalist in the (UK) Young Science Writer of the Year award with a report on the role of a speech and language gene in the evolution of humans. Dr Williams joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2012.

Dr Brotchie is actively researching the modification and functionalization of metal surfaces. His PhD was in the field of acoustics and sonochemistry. Dr Brotchie is the author of 10 high-impact peer review journal publications and two book chapters, and has given numerous presentations at international conferences. He joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

For his PhD, Dr Wilhelmi researched the bioremediation of heavy metals from contaminated mine waste waters. He then worked in a doping control Research and Development laboratory investigating immunological techniques for the detection of corticosteroids. On returning to academia his research has been in a number of biochemical fields, including P450 drug metabolism, DNA barcoding, continuous fermentation and bioremediation. His current research involves the isolation of liver microsomes, cloning, expression and characterization of P450 isoforms. This research is aimed at determining the metabolism of various novel compounds and drugs of abuse. A second research interest investigates the potential of using DNA markers for determining the diet of elusive and dangerous herbivores on South African game reserves. In particular the work has investigated the rbcL gene as a biomarker for plants consumed by these herbivores. Dr Wilhelmi is a senior lecturer at Rhodes University, where he teaches metabolism, analytical techniques and forensic biochemistry. He has presented at conferences and has published in the areas of chromatography and analytical biochemistry, conservation biochemistry, and enzymology. Dr Wilhelmi joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2012.

Dr Zagami's scientific research has focused on the study of the normal development and function of the nervous system and the aberrant processes underlying neurological diseases. Her early studies involved the development of an organotypic spinal cord slice culture model of the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Dr Zagami's PhD studies examined the roles of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, two processes implicated in ALS, on glutamate transporter function and cell death. Particular attention was focused on astrocytes and their role in regulating glutamate transporters, as well the effect of these mechanisms on motor neurons. Dr Zagami’s postdoctoral work at the Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada, aimed to gain a better understanding of the development of certain brainstem neuronal populations by focusing on a protein with an important role in neuronal subtype specification and axon targeting in other areas of the nervous system. Dr Zagami joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Prof Takemoto is a University Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. He has extensive experience in the cell biology and protein chemistry of the eye, which he has studied for over 30 years. His research has been continuously funded by the National Institutes of Health of the US. He has served on numerous national and international boards dealing with vision research, including the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Eye Institute, Lens & Cataract Panel of the National Eye Institute, and the Board of Directors of the Association for Research in Vision & Ophthalmology (ARVO). Prof Takemoto, though US-born, traces his ancestry back to Japan and has conducted research and traveled extensively in Japan as a Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. He has published over 150 peer-reviewed manuscripts, and joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011

Prof Mackraj is an Associate Professor in the Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal. She teaches Human Physiology and Human Genetics at the Faculty of Health Sciences and the Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine. She is responsible for running a gene expression laboratory. Her main research focuses are hypertension and its management using medicinal plants; and the etiology and treatment of pre-eclampsia. Prof Mackraj’s postdoctoral work involved the generation and characterization of a gene-disrupted proximal tubular cell model for the investigation of transporter mechanisms in the kidney. Her current research projects involve the investigation of blood pressure lowering plants with a focus on the renin-angiotensin system; and the etiopathology of pre-eclampsia in the local population. She is also a participant in projects involving novel drug delivery systems. She is a well-published author in ISI-listed journals, and is the Principle grant-holder for her research projects. Prof Mackraj joined the Edanz Group as an editor and reviewer in 2011

Dr Alan Robinson is a senior process chemist working in the agricultural industry. His work requires a deep understanding across a wide range of chemical fields. He has extensive experience in organic and physical organic chemistry, especially with respect to synthesis, mechanism and kinetics. Dr Robinson completed his PhD, based on the development and understanding of new catalysts for diene and enyne metathesis, with internationally acclaimed Prof Lloyd-Jones in 2005. He has spoken and presented prize winning posters at numerous symposia, and recently co-authored an important paper in Chemistry – A European Journal. Dr Robinson began working with the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Dr Lai qualified in medicine and underwent training in internal medicine, followed by specialization in oncology. Dr Lai was later responsible for clinical research programs of novel signal disrupting agents for solid tumors and hematological malignancies at a global pharmaceutical company. He has extensive experience in the process of drug development, from phase 1 dose-escalation studies to large-scale, phase 3 randomized controlled trials and post-marketing surveys. In addition, he is also experienced in regulatory and health economic issues related to pharmaceutical products. Dr Lai is an experienced editor and began editing for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Mr Hoisak’s scientific background is in medical physics and medical imaging with an emphasis on imaging and therapy with ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. He is currently completing his PhD at the University of Toronto, where he is developing image analysis methods for assessing response of tumors to radiation therapy. His MSc work investigated the stability and time-dependent variability of the correlation between external surrogates of breathing and lung tumor motion, using X-ray fluoroscopy. He is experienced with many image analysis techniques including pattern recognition, texture analysis, rigid and deformable image registration. In addition, Mr Hoisak has conducted research with medical imaging systems such as magnetic resonance (MR), 4D computed tomography (CT), megavoltage and cone-beam CT, and positron emission tomography (PET), and has developed imaging phantoms and quality assurance procedures for both imaging and therapy systems. His research has investigated clinical problems in brain, lung, prostate and head and neck carcinomas, as well as sarcoma and lymphoma. Mr Hoisak has written several peer-reviewed journal articles in Medical Imaging. Mr Hoisak began working with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Dr Barnett's PhD thesis, "Effect of variation in maternal protein intake during gestation and lactation on fuel metabolism in the offspring - studies in the rat", investigated the effects of early nutrition on pancreatic function and insulin metabolism. Dr Barnett post-doctoral studies investigated the role of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on intestinal inflammation in a mouse model using 'omics' technologies such as microarrays and proteomics. He is currently a Senior Research Scientist working for AgResearch in New Zealand; recently working in the field of epigenetics, in particular DNA methylation. Dr Barnett has published 20 peer-reviewed journal articles (11 since 2010) and one peer-reviewed book chapter, and has been an invited speaker at a number of international conferences. Dr Barnett joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011 with editing expertise in physiology, genomics/proteomics/metabolomics, epigenetics and intestinal inflammation and immunity.

Dr Tinsley completed his PhD at the School of Medicine at Flinders University of South Australia. His thesis title was "Non-Viral Glial Cell Transfection: A Therapeutic Strategy for CNS Regeneration." His post-doctoral training was in the neural stem cell laboratory of Prof Peter Eriksson, the first to demonstrate neurogenesis in the adult human brain. Dr Tinsley returned to Australia to work at the Howard Florey Institute, investigating models and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. He has over ten years experience in medical research, and has published widely in leading journals in his field, including Annals of Neurology. Dr Tinsley began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2011

Dr Fayle’s PhD focused on Food Chemistry. Her postdoctoral research was done in the Department of Food and Nutrition at the University of Reading, UK. She then worked as a scientist for Crop and Food Research in New Zealand. Dr Fayle’s laboratory skills include both traditional gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis techniques, HPLC, organic synthesis, protein purification and identification, and NMR. Dr Fayle has expert knowledge of the Maillard Reaction, and is the author of a Royal Society of Chemistry monograph on this reaction. She also has authored twenty related publications, and has been an invited speaker at international conferences in her field of study. She began working with the Edanz Group as an editor in 2010.

Currently, Dr Werry is at Queen Mary University of London studying dentistry. Prior to this, he worked for GlaxoSmithKline Ltd in the Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery in Harlow, UK. Dr Werry studied G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pharmacology and cellular signaling as part of his PhD in a thesis entitled "The effects of crosstalk on GPCR-mediated calcium signaling pathways". He has also worked in one of the premier pharmacology labs in the world with Prof Arthur Christopoulos at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, studying cellular signaling by variants of the serotonin 5HT2C receptor and the pharmacology and cell biology of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Dr Werry's work has produced numerous publications including original research papers and authoritative reviews on calcium and ERK signaling and 5HT2C receptor RNA editing. His areas of expertise include pharmacology, neuroscience, G protein-coupled receptors, and cellular signaling. Dr Werry began working with the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010.

Carlotta Shearson did two years of undergraduate research on the synthesis of small molecules for neurotoxicity studies. Her graduate work was in the laboratories of Professor Clayton Heathcock at the University of California at Berkeley, where she worked on the synthesis of a potential HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. She then spent four years working as a synthetic organic chemist in the agricultural chemicals industry, synthesizing novel pesticide candidates. She has been a freelance editor of books and scientific journal articles since 1991, working on a wide range of topics spanning chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology. For the past 15 years, she has specialized in editing scientific journal articles by authors for whom English is a second language. Ms Shearson joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Walmsley recently completed her PhD in Molecular Marine Microbiology and Natural Product Chemistry. Her research, entitled “Investigating the link between microbial diversity and secondary metabolite production in endemic South African marine sponges of the genus Tsitsikamma” instigated the establishment of an environmental genomics project at Rhodes University. Dr Walmsley has extensive experience in molecular microbiology and natural product chemistry, including techniques such as cloning, Sanger sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing, phylogenetics, genetic identification, isolation of pure cultures, fermentation, natural product isolation and identification, nuclear magnetic resonance, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, sequence analysis and interpretation, polymerase chain reaction, DNA isolation, scanning electron microscopy, high pressure liquid chromatography, large scale column chromatography, media preparation and sterile techniques. Dr Walmsley joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Burns was a staff scientist at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, for 31 years. His career began with gas phase laser spectroscopy with applications to quantum-resolved detection of molecules desorbed from transition metal surfaces. After many years of research in the field of desorption induced by electronic transitions, he began to focus on interfacial tribology and investigated the molecular-level aspects of friction with novel scanning probe techniques and conjugated polymer interfaces. During his final years of active research, he collaborated with the Dept. of Pathology at the University of New Mexico on the structural characterization of signaling domains in cellular membranes using combined atomic force microscopy and fluorescence imaging. Dr Burns joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Dandie is a microbiologist with interests in microbiological processes in soils. Her postdoctoral research has been undertaken in several international institutions, including University College Cork (Biomerit Research Centre) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Potato Research Centre). Currently Dr Dandie researches nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils at the CSIRO in Australia. Her interests cover a wide range of research in soil microbiology including bioremediation of contaminated soils, composting, biochar, plant-microbe interactions, microbial inoculants and biosensors. Dr Dandie is an invited reviewer for a number of international journals and is also on the editorial board of a prominent soil science journal. She has published nine first-author journal articles. Dr Dandie joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011

Dr Kelly’s academic interests are in biological sciences and the philosophy of science. His work is focused on understanding, classifying and conserving biological diversity. Dr Kelly’s particular research specialty is the evolution and biogeography of snakes. After undergraduate study at Rhodes University in South Africa he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University, where he obtained a DPhil in molecular systematics of 'advanced' snakes. His subsequent postdoctoral work has investigated the phylogenetics, phylogeography and taxonomy of several groups of African snakes, incorporating extensive molecular genetic laboratory work, analytical computation, and field surveys. His research has been internationally acclaimed through receipt of the Joseph B. Slowinski Award for excellence in snake systematics (2010), after one of his publications was selected as the best snake systematics paper to be published globally in 2009. Dr Kelly is an experienced lecturer in the biological sciences, and is a reviewer for many international journals. He joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2012.

Dr Dawes’ PhD focused on neuroprotective drugs and their effects on retinal ischemia. Before undertaking her PhD, Dr Dawes spent 15 years as a senior research assistant at the National Institute for Medical Research, London, studying neuronal plasticity in the amphibian visual system. Dr Dawes’ then began research at St Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School, London, studying the effects of dietary antioxidants on lipid peroxide formation in animal tissue after whole body irradiation. She has been an author on 15 peer reviewed papers and has given presentations at national and international scientific meetings. Dr Dawes’ experience has covered techniques in radiation biology, biochemistry, anatomy, histology, neurophysiology and neuropharmacology. Concurrent with her research, for 38 years Dr Dawes has been an assistant lecturer at the Open University, UK, teaching neurobiology, psychology and foundation sciences. Dr Dawes now works between the UK and China, and began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Nairn has over 15 years of research experience in Materials Science, Chemistry and Materials Engineering, mostly at Monash University and CSIRO, Australia. Her current research covers two main areas: Understanding and exploiting molecular mobility in materials, and Biological Materials Science. Her specific expertise is in the characterization of complicated materials. She collaborates with Synthetic Chemists, Molecular Biologists, Food Scientists, Mathematicians, Physicists and Chemical and Materials Engineers, and has published over 30 refereed papers. She has previously studied concrete, corrosion and corrosion monitoring, solid electrolytes and light metal alloys. She joined Edanz Group Japan as an editor in 2010.

Dr Byrne’s PhD studies in neuroanatomy and neuropharmacology have centered on the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. In her research she investigated the expression and activity of the pro-oxidant enzyme, myeloperoxidase, in post-mortem human brain tissue and in cellular models of neurofibrillary pathology. She has published two papers in international peer-reviewed journals and is currently a teaching fellow in human biology at the University of Otago, New Zealand. She began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Ms Malapetsas is a medical and scientific editor/writer with experience in the development of content in the various areas in the life sciences for both medical research institutes and pharmaceutical advertising agencies. Initially a research assistant in a cancer research laboratory at the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research in Montreal, Canada, she performed molecular and cellular biology experiments—including mRNA, DNA, and protein extraction and purification, Northern and Western blots, RT-PCR, cellular transport, primary tissue culture, and various drug efficacy studies. She also developed laboratory documents for submission to journals and funding agencies. Ms Malapetsas then worked in pharmaceutical advertising, where for eight years she undertook proofreading, copyediting, and fact-checking, and wrote medical education programs delivering on-label drug information to physicians and healthcare professionals. Ms Malapetsas also has extensive experience as a freelance medical and scientific editor/writer for research laboratories and corporate entities. Ms Malapetsas began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2009.

Prof Hendry main research was in the molecular biology of RNA insect viruses. He also taught virology, molecular biology and immunology at Rhodes University in Grahamstown, South Africa. Prof Hendry has wide international research experience, having been a Visiting Scientist at the University of Madison – Wisconsin, USA, at National Chung Hsing University in Taichung, Taiwan, at the University of California – Davis, USA, and at the CSIRO in Canberra, Australia. He was an appointee to the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for 10 years, and was a member of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), the Society for General Microbiology (SGM), UK, and the Society for Invertebrate Pathology (SIP), USA. He spent seven years as a referee for research grant applications sent to the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa. Prof Hendry has published over 25 papers in international journals, has presented at numerous international congresses, and has served as referee for scientific manuscripts submitted to several journals. Prof Hendry joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011

Dr Young’s research interests are in surface chemistry and interface science, particularly spectroscopy at surfaces/interfaces and the chemistry/reactivity of adsorbed species. His PhD thesis, entitled ‘Chemistry at Cadmium Sulfide Surfaces’, investigated the surface chemistry of synthetic inorganic particles, and explored factors important for their use in biological imaging applications. His current post doctoral research includes quantum dot based solar energy generation, and novel photo-catalytic nanotechnologies for marine antifouling applications. Dr Young's publication record includes papers from the fields of inorganic coordination polymers, nanoparticle synthesis and optical properties, adsorption kinetics and equilibria, structural properties of proteins at surfaces, and a comprehensive review entitled 'Square planar silver(I) complexes: A rare but increasingly observed stereochemistry for silver(I)', published in Coordination Chemistry Reviews. Dr Young began working as an editor with the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Jackson’s PhD investigated bone healing mechanisms, focusing on mechanical loading and growth factors as healing agents, as well as fracture repair strategies. Her earlier studies had a strong focus toward human anatomy, physiology and forensic osteology. For five years Dr Jackson was a post-doctoral research fellow at the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Singapore, where she also acted as an in-house scientific editor. Her postdoctoral research explored protein-protein interactions within signal transduction cascades, and the role of particular tumor-suppressor genes in breast cancer and mammary gland development. Dr Jackson has published 13 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has 16 conference papers. Dr Jackson also has a certificate in Professional Editing and Proofreading, and began editing for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Stevenson is a chemist who has served as principal investigator on a variety of projects in areas of organic and polymer chemistry. His PhD research on hypervalent organosilicon compounds involved both synthetic and mechanistic work as well as extensive use of spectroscopy. After graduation he was employed at Owens-Corning Fiberglas from 1984–1986, synthesizing organosilicon compounds for use as coupling agents in fiberglass reinforced composites. He then worked on projects dealing with the synthesis, formulation, and testing of energetic compounds in propellants and explosives. A former chairman of the North Alabama Section of the American Chemical Society, he has published a number of articles in prestigious journals such as the Journal of the American Chemical Society and the Journal of Organic Chemistry. Dr Stevenson began work as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2010.

Dr Vocadlo is a chemist with six years’ experience in medicinal chemistry and drug product development in biotech companies. As a researcher she was involved in multi-step synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of compounds, including experiment planning, execution, compound isolation, purification and identification. Dr Vocadlo has also gathered and evaluated information, and then prepared regulatory submissions for NDA (New Drug Applications of the US FDA). As well as being a published first author, Dr Vocadlo has extensive experience in technical writing and editing (theses, manuscripts, protocols and reports). Dr Vocadlo began working with Edanz Editing in 2007.

Dr Wicks’ PhD thesis was entitled “Persistence of corals in marginal habitats: the role of the environment, and symbiont diversity and ecophysiology”. Dr Wicks is presently a post-doctoral research fellow in the areas of physiology, climate change and marine biology. Her research focuses on the impact of environmental variability on the functional ecology and physiology of marine ecosystems, including cold-water corals. Dr Wicks has extensive experience of coral reef ecology and biology, including cell biology, photosynthesis, symbiosis and biodiversity. Additionally, she has expertise in the fields of oceanography, climate change science, marine conservation, and rocky shore ecology. In molecular fields, she has undertaken sequence analysis, DNA extraction and various types of gel electrophoresis, including DGGE. She also has a working knowledge of chlorophyll fluorescence techniques, multivariate statistics and GIS. Dr Wicks has published five peer-reviewed papers, including an extensive review on the effect of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems. She has several years’ experience successfully completing grant applications and presenting at international scientific meetings. She is also a reviewer for several well-respected journals. Dr Wicks joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2012.

Dr James’ PhD thesis, and initial postdoctoral work, was on the characterization of DISC1, a susceptibility gene for psychiatric illness. Subsequent postdoctoral research focused on acute brain injury and the mitochondrial response in a transgenic mouse model. Dr James understands brain biology with a particular interest in psychiatric illness, neurodegenerative disease, genetics and cellular biology. She has multi-disciplinary laboratory expertise in a number of techniques, covering protein biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, histology and microscopy. Dr James has experience of human tissue studies, as well as transgenic animal models and cell culture systems, including embryonic stem cells. From her research she has co-authored several peer-reviewed papers, including a Science paper, which was cited as one of the top ten breakthroughs of 2005. Dr James joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Robertson studied zoology and comparative animal physiology. His doctoral thesis was on digestive enzymes in snakes. He lectured in general zoology at the University of Cape Town for four years, before taking a permanent academic position in the Pharmacy Faculty at Rhodes University in South Africa. Throughout his tenure, he taught human physiology to pharmacy students and physical education students He now teaches elective courses to fourth year pharmacy students in the areas of Nutrition and Gerontology, and to Zoology students in herpetology. Dr Robertson has published several research papers on snake venoms and has also written general science textbooks. He began editing for the Edanz Group in 2011

Dr Sheen is a postdoctoral research fellow at San Diego State University, studying microbial pathogenesis. Her work encompasses microbial niche establishment as well as penetration of the blood-brain barrier. She also has two patents for the development of novel therapeutic agents for treatment of MRSA infections. Dr Sheen carried out her PhD research at AgResearch in Lincoln, New Zealand, focusing on applying genetic techniques to improve the soil survival of a microbial biocontrol agent. Her other research has involved the phylogenetic analysis of Antarctic notothenioid fish and species evolution. Dr Sheen began editing for Edanz Editing in 2011.

Dr Feizollahi is a lecturer in Linguistics at Rhodes University, South Africa. She teaches phonetics & phonology, the linguistics of sign language, computational linguistics, semantics and pragmatics. Although linguistics is generally a field of the humanities, her research focuses on acoustic phonetics and she therefore has knowledge of the physical sciences, quantitative experiments and statistical presentation of results. Dr Feizollahi carries out acoustic studies as well as supervising student research projects. Her research is well published and she has presented her studies at academic conferences. Dr Feizollahi’s background in computational linguistics and natural language processing (NLP) has supported her work for Sony, Microsoft Speech Labs and LiveOps in the speech and NLP industries. She also has an interest and studies in the fields of economics and international law. Dr Feizollahi, a native speaker of English, is multilingual, being fluent in Spanish with an understanding of Turkish, Norwegian, German and Farsi. She began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

After graduation from Cornell University, Mr Milazzo worked for 10 years at a preclinical contract research organization where he was in charge of multi-disciplinary programs for biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical device companies. Later Mr Milazzo became the director of preclinical research for a biotechnology company developing controlled-release drug implants for ophthalmic, orthopedic, and cardiovascular use, contributing to several IND and NDA applications to the US FDA. Mr Milazzo moved to New Zealand for his PhD studies, and has been working with biotechnology companies developing peptide therapies for muscle wasting disease and molecular diagnostic products for cancer detection and monitoring. His PhD thesis submitted in 2010, was entitled "Sheep Fat Bingo - A Comparison of Subcutaneous Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Infrapatellar Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Regard to their Chondrogenic Ability in a Sheep Model of Osteochondral Defect Repair". Mr Milazzo’s laboratory expertise includes techniques and surgical skills (particularly orthopedic) associated with a variety of large and small research animal models. These include stem cell and chondrocyte isolation and culture, immunohistochemistry, biochemical assay, histopathology specimen preparation and evaluation, microscopy, RNA extraction and cDNA preparation, and gene microarray. Mr Milazzo joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Takemoto is a Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry at Kansas State University, where she has taught and conducted research for 32 years. Her research on the role of ischemia in lens and retinal diseases is funded through the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Areas of expertise include biochemistry, molecular biology, protein chemistry, cell signaling, metabolism, eye and neural disorders, pharmacology, biology and enzymology. Dr Takemoto has reviewed for numerous journals, including the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Current Eye Research, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Biochemistry. She also served, for eight years, on the Small Business: Visual Systems Study Section for the National Institutes of Health, where she reviewed both SBIR and STTR grant proposals. Dr. Takemoto has published over 100 peer-reviewed works, including book chapters, original works and a textbook and lab manual for non-science majors. She joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr MacEwen has 26 years experience in the IT field as a faculty member in the Department of Computing and Information Science at Queen's University in Canada. During this time he has published numerous journal and conference papers, published a textbook on computer systems, and acted as a reviewer for several research journals. He has supervised numerous PhD dissertations and served on many engineering and natural science examination committees. Dr MacEwen also co-founded a software company, Andyne Computing Limited, and became a director when it became a successful public company. Since leaving Queen’s University 10 years ago, Dr MacEwen has been a technical editor and writer. The fields he focuses on include computer security, computer systems, software engineering, computer science, formal methods, requirements specification, electrical engineering, engineering, mathematics, information technology, telecommunications, computer networks, and operating systems. Dr MacEwen joined the Edanz Group as an editor and writer in 2010.

Ms Igelstrom currently works as an electrophysiologist at the University of Otago. She has a background in biochemistry and physiology, and is now specializing in neuroscience. Her PhD research focused on brain slice models of epileptic seizures, and she is currently investigating ion channel modulators for antiepileptic drug treatment. She has experience with a variety of electrophysiological techniques, including whole-cell voltage/current clamp, cell-attached tight-seal current clamp, field potential recording, and single-unit recording. Her past and current research interests include behavioral reward conditioning, olfactory processing, non-synaptic neurotransmission, epileptic seizures, antiepileptic drugs, and antidepressant drugs. Ms Igelstrom also has a special interest in the physiological effects of alternative and complementary therapies, such as Chinese medicine and yoga. Apart from her electrophysiological skills, Ms Igelstrom also has experience with cell culture, western blotting, microscopy, behavioral rat training, and immunohistochemistry. Ms Igelstrom joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Kam’s PhD studies focused on the identification and characterization of neural stem cells in the adult human brain. Her thesis entitled ‘The rostral migratory stream in the normal adult human brain’ and her other studies have resulted in several journal publications including an article in Science in 2007. Currently, Dr Kam is a senior tutor in the Department of Physiology, University of Auckland. She began working as an editor for the Edanz Group in 2011.

Mr MacDonald is an experienced information scientist in the electronic and electrical engineering field. Following post-graduate research in optical fiber laser gyroscopes, he worked for Thomson Scientific from 1994 to 2007 as an indexer and abstractor of academic and scientific papers for the Inspec database, specializing in electronics, optoelectronics and semiconductor electronics, and later telecommunications. He then worked in a patent analyst role for Thomson, providing content for the Derwent World Patent Index, covering electronic materials and manufacturing, semiconductor devices and circuits and their manufacture, and electronic display technology including liquid crystal and electroluminescent displays. He began working as an editor for Edanz Editing in 2008.

Dr Julie Dwyer is a postdoctoral researcher at the Cochin Institute, Paris, France. Her expertise is in cancer biology and molecular signaling, and has published several first author articles examining altered signaling in cancer. More recently, she has investigated the molecular crosstalk between different cell types in the tumor microenvironment, especially cancer cell signaling to endothelial cells and vice versa. As a result, Dr Dwyer has an in-depth understanding of endothelial barrier homeostasis and techniques used to study endothelial cell properties such as permeability and tubulogenesis assays. In addition, she is competent in numerous molecular biology methods, including RT-PCR, protein expression/interaction analysis and microscopy. Dr Dwyer has also been involved in the peer-review process for reviews as well as primary articles. Dr Dwyer joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Dr Schade-Bijur’s PhD focused on identifying the promoter region of a neuronal sodium channel in the human brain. Dr Schade-Bijur’s work from these studies has been presented at an international Society of Neuroscience meeting and published in peer-reviewed journals. She is highly skilled in molecular biology techniques, such as cloning, mRNA, DNA and protein extraction, RT-PCR, blotting, sequencing and gel electrophoresis. For seven years Dr Schade-Bijur worked in a biotechnology company that focused on a radioactive peptide as targeted therapy for neuro-oncology. As a scientist and the Senior Manager for Manufacturing, Dr Schade-Bijur performed histology experiments for various tissues, including using a microtome for tissue slice preparation, and oocyte extraction and electrophysiology on a glioma chloride channel. Dr Schade-Bijur was also in charge of the clinical pharmacy and was part of the clinical team writing grants and regulatory documents. From this research she published two more peer-reviewed papers, including a clinical trial paper. As a freelance writer, Dr Schade-Bijur has written in the areas of health economics, medical education regarding cancer angiogenesis and over 50 technical bulletins about lipid products. Dr Schade-Bijur has a particularly broad science and writing background. She joined the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010, specializing in the fields of neuroscience and oncology.

Dr Bolton's research focuses on the geochemistry of marine carbonates for paleoclimatic reconstruction. Her PhD involved reconstructing the paleoceanography of the Southwest Pacific Ocean using fossil foraminifera from a marine sediment core. Dr Bolton has applied the use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to extract trace elemental data from individual chambers of fossil foraminiferal shells (tests). This research also involved the development of a new Mg/Ca based paleotemperature calibration for the widely used planktonic species Globigerinoides ruber. Before her PhD, Dr Bolton studied heavy metals in the tissues of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), after which she worked for 4 years in the Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, at the University of Manchester. There she worked on a number of human health studies, including the INTERPHONE international study on adult brain tumors. Dr Bolton is now a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Hong Kong working on the geochemistry of corals from the South China Sea. Dr Bolton joined the Edanz Group as an editor in 2011.

Daniel H. Broaddus completed his PhD in Applied & Engineering Physics at Cornell University in June 2010. Dr Broaddus has been an author or co-author on five manuscripts, including "Self-phase modulation at visible wavelengths in nonlinear ZnO channel waveguides", published in Applied Physics Letters. He has eight years of experience in optical science. While at Cornell, Dr Broaddus has been associated with the Cornell Center for Nanoscale Systems and led research projects in nanophotonics and nonlinear optics. His dissertation research has applications in ultra-high-bandwidth telecommunications, material science, and laser physics. During his tenure at Princeton, Dr Broaddus was a research intern at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, where he gained a familiarity with plasma and high-field physics. His undergraduate thesis focused on high-density plasma generation in gases. Dr Broaddus joined the Edanz Group as a writer and editor in 2010.

After graduating, Dr Charbonneau spent 10 years involved in general surgery, preventive medicine, behavior counseling and diagnostics and treatments related to dermatology, gastroenterology, endocrine and emergency patients in an animal veterinary practice. In 2000, Dr Charbonneau began a 10 year focus on emergency medicine and surgery and completed a one-year term teaching equine locomotor diseases to students of massage therapy. Her experience in emergency medicine includes critical care of trauma patients and patients in cardiac, liver and renal failure, infectious disease, resuscitation and transfusion medicine, neurological and endocrine emergencies as well as surgical correction of gastric dilatation and volvulus, ruptured splenic masses, gastrointestinal foreign bodies, bullet wounds, fractures and wound repair. Currently, Dr Charbonneau works as a relief veterinarian, and has an interest in clinically focused communication. Dr Charbonneau joined Edanz as an editor in 2011.