Our fees are based on how much work was necessary to bring the language of the manuscript up to the level of English required by journals. The amount of editing work required is in a sense set by the quality of the English used by the author of the manuscript. When you submit a manuscript to Edanz, you know that after we have completed editing, it will reach the level of English needed for submission to peer review.

When you send us a manuscript, we will provide you with a quote that gives the range of the minimum and maximum fees for editing it. After a manuscript has been edited, Edanz will assess the amount of editing that was required to bring the manuscript to an acceptable level of English. Most manuscripts are charged at the less expensive Copyedit level, while those that require a large amount of editing will be charged at the higher Substantive level. Note that there may be elements of both editing levels in a single manuscript, but we take the overriding or average level into account when assessing the fees.

Visit the page "How we decide editing fees" for further information and to see what editing level your paper will likely be set at

Copyedit

The author has written in the correct format and in a language style reasonably consistent with native-English usage. Thus the editor only has to edit to ensure overall clarity and sense for improved readability. Copyediting includes any or all of the following:

• The editor corrects for grammar, punctuation, syntax, and word usage while preserving the meaning and voice of the original text.
• The editor corrects any spelling errors, also ensuring consistency of British or US spelling.
• The editor edits to keep to conventions regarding use of numbers, italics, etc.
• The editor cross-checks that references, figures, tables, etc. are consistent with their mention in the text.
• The editor check for and point out any apparent errors or inconsistencies of facts.

See an example

Substantive Edit

The author’s original text has low readability and is written in a style not consistent with native-English usage. Thus extensive correction is needed by the editor to eliminate jargon, smooth language, and to improve readability and the flow of information. Substantive editing involves some or all of the following work by the editor:

• All the types of editing correction done for copyediting.
• The editor, at a sentence level, will have clarified and/or reorganized the text for language, correct sentence construction, and clarity of meaning.
• For readability, the editor will have ensured correct word choice and native-English language expression throughout the manuscript.
• The editor will have reorganized text in paragraphs or sections to ensure facts and arguments are logically presented.
• Revised all aspects of the text to improve its presentation

See an example